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Currents And Sub-currents In Innovation Flows: Explaining Innovativeness Using New-product Announcements

机译：创新流程中的潮流和子潮流：使用新产品公告解释创新性

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摘要

The creation of new knowledge is a haphazard process: not every sector in an economy is equally involved. The effect of industry structure on innovativeness has been a focus of attention for a long time by both academics and policymakers. In a much quoted article, using unique data - new-product announcements - Acs and Audretsch [Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B., 1988. Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis. American Economic Review 78(4), 678-690] identified several characteristics of industry structure and their effects on innovativeness. By analyzing a new and more consciously compiled database, we re-examine their original claims. Our results largely support their findings: industry concentration and degree of unionization for instance hamper innovation; skilled labor promotes it. Our findings diverge in one significant respect from theirs: we suggest that the large firms do not contribute more to an industry's innovativeness than small firms. At the industry level, we find strong support for the Schumpeter Mark I perspective of creative destruction by small firms rather than creative accumulation by large firms. In addition, we show that less dedicated innovators prove more susceptible to firm-external industry factors than more committed innovators. An unfavorable competitive environment decreases the likelihood that less successful innovators will announce new products.
机译：新知识的创造是一个偶然的过程：并非经济中的每个部门都平等地参与其中。长期以来，行业结构对创新的影响一直是学者和政策制定者关注的焦点。在一篇引用率很高的文章中，使用了独特的数据-新产品公告-Acs和Audretsch [Acs，Z.J.，Audretsch，D.B.，1988年。大型和小型公司的创新：实证分析。 [American Economic Review 78（4），678-690]确定了产业结构的几个特征及其对创新的影响。通过分析一个新的，更自觉编译的数据库，我们重新检查了它们的原始主张。我们的结果很大程度上支持了他们的发现：行业集中度和工会化程度（例如，阻碍创新）；技术工人促进了这一点。我们的发现与他们的发现有很大不同：我们建议，大公司对行业创新的贡献不比小公司大。在行业一级，我们发现熊彼特马克一世观点认为小企业破坏创意而不是大企业积累创意。此外，我们证明，与更忠诚的创新者相比，敬业度低的创新者更容易受到企业外部行业因素的影响。不利的竞争环境降低了不太成功的创新者发布新产品的可能性。

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