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Technology transfer and absorption: an ‘R & D value-mapping’ approach to evaluation

机译：技术转让和吸收：“ R＆D价值映射”评估方法

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摘要

Evaluating technology transfer outcomes from governmet supported research, development and demonstration (RD & D) projects is complicated by the variety of paths through which technology can move from producer(s) to user(s). Using a set of 31 cases studies of RD&D projects the processes of technology transfer and ‘technology absorption’ are examined. Technology transfer is the use by a party external to the project of the technology or technical information outputs. Technology absorption is defined as the use by contractors, sub-contractors or co-sponsors participating in the RD&D project. This is a rarely studied phenomenon but one especially important for technology policies. The case analysis confirmed the value of viewing transfer and absorption as separate processes with separate determinants. Absorption is a more robust process stimulated by a variety of factors. Transfer is more delicate, thwarted not only by market barriers, but also coordination problems, conflicts, and resource constrains among project members. Using models of the transfer and absorption processes a typology of transfer outcomes is created. ‘On-the-shelf’ projects (12 cases) were those in which no transfer or absorption impacts occurred. These projects involved large numbers of actors assisting a small private producer/contractor who was dependent upon outside resources for completing the project. While a surprising amount effort was made to transfer these outcomes the efforts failed. ‘Absorption’ projects (eight cases) were those in which technology was absorbed but not transferred. Absorption occurred both by design and by default. ‘Market-induced’ projects (four cases) were those were technology was transferred but not absorbed. These cases also involved small private producers but they experienced less project interdependence and were marketing to niches created.
机译：由于政府可以从生产者向用户转移技术的途径多种多样，因此要评估governmet支持的研究，开发和示范（RD＆D）项目的技术转让成果变得十分复杂。利用RD＆D项目的31个案例研究，研究了技术转让和“技术吸收”的过程。技术转让是项目外部的一方对技术或技术信息输出的使用。技术吸收的定义是参与RD＆D项目的承包商，分包商或共同赞助者的使用。这是很少研究的现象，但对技术政策而言尤为重要。案例分析证实了视转移和吸收为具有独立决定因素的独立过程的价值。吸收是受多种因素刺激的更稳定的过程。转移更加微妙，不仅受到市场壁垒的阻碍，而且还受到项目成员之间的协调问题，冲突和资源限制的阻碍。使用转移和吸收过程的模型，建立转移结果的类型。 “现成”项目（12个案例）是那些没有发生转移或吸收影响的项目。这些项目涉及大量参与者，这些参与者协助一个依赖外部资源完成项目的小型私人生产者/承包商。尽管做出了令人惊讶的努力来转移这些结果，但是努力失败了。 “吸收”项目（八种情况）是那些吸收了技术但没有转让技术的项目。吸收是通过设计和默认发生的。 “市场诱导”项目（四个案例）是指技术转让但未被吸收的项目。这些案例还涉及小型私人生产商，但他们的项目相互依存度较低，并且正在向创建的利基市场营销。

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  • 来源
    《Research policy》 |1996年第6期|p. 967-995|共29页
  • 作者

    Gordon Kingsley; Barrt Bozeman; Karen Coker;

  • 作者单位

    Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Public Policy, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;

    Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Public Policy, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;

    University of North Dakota, Department of Political Science, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 科学、科学研究;
  • 关键词

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