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Gender gap in entrepreneurship

机译：创业中的性别差距

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摘要

Using data on the entire population of businesses registered in the states of California and Massachusetts between 1995 and 2011, we decompose the well-established gender gap in entrepreneurship. We show that female led ventures are 63 percentage points less likely than male-led ventures to obtain external funding (i.e., venture capital). The most significant portion of the gap (65 percent) stems from gender differences in initial startup orientation, with women being less likely to found ventures that signal growth potential to external investors. However, the residual gap is as much as 35 percent and much of this disparity likely reflects investors' gendered preferences. Consistent with theories of statistical discrimination, the residual gap diminishes significantly when stronger signals of growth are available to investors for comparable female- and male-led ventures or when focal investors appear to be more sophisticated. Finally, conditional on the reception of external funds (i.e., venture capital), women and men are equally likely to achieve exit outcomes, through IPOs or acquisitions.
机译：使用1995年至2011年间在加利福尼亚州和马萨诸塞州注册的企业总数的数据，我们分解了企业家精神中公认的性别差距。我们表明，女性主导的企业获得外部资金（即风险资本）的可能性比男性主导的企业低63个百分点。差距中最重要的部分（65％）来自最初创业方向上的性别差异，女性创办风险投资公司的可能性较小，这些风险向外部投资者表明了增长潜力。但是，剩余的差距高达35％，而且这种差距很可能反映了投资者的性别偏好。与统计歧视理论一致，当可比的女性和男性领导的企业可以向投资者获得更强的增长信号时，或者当焦点投资者显得更加老练时，剩余差距将大大减少。最后，在收到外部资金（即风险资本）的前提下，男女通过IPO或收购获得退出结果的可能性相同。

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