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Managed retreat of settlements and infrastructures: ecological restoration as an opportunity to overcome maladaptive coastal development in France

机译：管理定居点和基础设施的撤退：将生态恢复作为克服法国沿海适应不良发展的契机

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摘要

The effects of climate change on coastal risk factors are increasing due to both rising sea levels and increasingly intense coastal floodings. However, these changes are only just beginning to be incorporated into planning strategies for coastal economies and land use in France. Recent coastal storms marked the turning point, and public authorities have now started to revise coastal management legislation, stating that the managed retreat of settlements and infrastructure is the preferred strategy to adapt to climate change. To date, this managed retreat has almost exclusively been discussed in relation to the current political, social, and economic obstacles that make it difficult to relocate equipment and houses inland. Here, we add to this discussion by depicting how the careful ecological restoration of dunes and salt marshes on land made available by managed retreat could overcome some of these obstacles. First, we describe three possible strategies to adapt to sea-level rise as well as the maladaptation of the current strategy. Then, we focus on the limitations and advantages of ecological restoration in terms of managed retreat and vice versa. Finally, we depict how a new kind of land lease, introduced in draft legislation, can help tackle the multitemporal and multispatial issues that currently hinder managed retreat.
机译：由于海平面上升和沿海洪灾日益加剧，气候变化对沿海风险因素的影响正在增加。但是，这些变化才刚刚开始被纳入法国沿海经济和土地利用的规划策略中。最近的沿海风暴标志着转折点，公共当局现在已开始修订沿海管理法规，并指出，有选择地撤退定居点和基础设施是适应气候变化的首选策略。迄今为止，几乎没有人专门讨论过这种有管理的务虚会，涉及目前的政治，社会和经济障碍，这些障碍使得难以将设备和房屋搬迁到内陆。在这里，我们通过描述通过有管理的务虚会提供的土地上的沙丘和盐沼的精心生态修复如何克服这些障碍，来加深讨论。首先，我们描述了三种可能的策略以适应海平面上升以及当前策略的不适应。然后，我们着眼于有管理的撤退，反之亦然，着眼于生态恢复的局限性和优势。最后，我们描述了立法草案中引入的一种新型土地租约如何能够帮助解决目前阻碍有管理的撤退的多时相和多空间问题。

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