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首页> 外文期刊>Review of Income and Wealth >DISTRIBUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOME INSECURITY IN THE U.S., GERMANY, AND BRITAIN
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DISTRIBUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOME INSECURITY IN THE U.S., GERMANY, AND BRITAIN

机译：美国，德国和英国的收入无保障的分布特征

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摘要

This paper studies income volatility using recent data from the Cross National Equivalence File (CNEF). Measures of downward instability are applied to household income streams and the results are interpreted as indicators of income insecurity. Using this method we examine (ⅰ) cross national differences in average insecurity levels, (ⅱ) the effects of taxes and transfers, and (ⅲ) relationships between the insecurity index and household income. Insecurity estimates based on pre-government incomes are highest in Britain and lowest in Germany, however results for post-government incomes are highest in the U.S. It is also shown that insecurity estimates based upon pre-government incomes are heavily concentrated at the lower end of the distribution; although governments are effective at smoothing the income streams of these households. We also search for determinants of our measure and find that gender, household size, health status, and industry affiliations of the household head are the most significant covariates.
机译：本文使用跨国等效文件（CNEF）的最新数据研究收入波动。向下不稳定的措施适用于家庭收入流，其结果被解释为收入不安全的指标。使用这种方法，我们检查（ⅰ）平均不安全水平的跨国差异，（ⅱ）税收和转移支付的影响以及（ⅲ）不安全指数与家庭收入之间的关系。基于政府前收入的不安全估计在英国最高，在德国最低，然而，政府后收入的结果在美国最高。还显示，基于政府前收入的不安全估计主要集中在下半年。分布;尽管政府可以有效地抚平这些家庭的收入来源。我们还搜索了衡量指标的决定因素，发现性别，家庭规模，健康状况和户主的行业关系是最重要的协变量。

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