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首页> 外文期刊>Reviews on environmental health >Environmental and demographic risk factors associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in the Alice rural settlements of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa:a pilot study
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Environmental and demographic risk factors associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in the Alice rural settlements of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa:a pilot study

机译：南非东开普省爱丽丝农村地区与隐孢子虫感染流行相关的环境和人口统计学危险因素：一项初步研究

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摘要

We undertook this study to identify the risk factors and prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV-positive and HIV-negative diarrhea patients in the Alice rural settlement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of 180 stool specimens (35 HIV-positive diarrhea, 125 HIV-negative diarrhea patients, and 20 apparently healthy subjects) were screened for cryptosporidiosis using an ELISA-based approach. Sociodemographic information, water supply, and animal contact were recorded for diarrhea-positive patients. The data were analyzed using Pearson's %2-test and Fisher's exact test. Cryptosporidium antigen was detected in 122 of 180 specimens (overall prevalence=67.8%). In HIV-positive diarrhea patients, the age groups 31-43 years (mean age 36.5 years) and 70-82 years (mean age 75.8 years) had a higher prevalence (100%) of the antigen than age groups 18-30 years (mean age 23.2 years) and 83-95 years (mean age 88.8 years) (50.0%). In HIV-negative diarrhea patients, the prevalence was highest (87.5%) at ages 18-30 years (mean age 23.2 years) and lowest (35.7%) at ages 83-95 years (mean age 88.8 years). Cryptosporidium antigenemia was slightly higher in females (78.2%, mean age 46.7 years) than in males (71.1%, mean age 42.6 years), but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). No apparently healthy control subject was infected with Cryptosporidium. HIV-negative patients had a significantly higher prevalence of antigen than HIV-positive patients, with farm animals considered a possible risk factor. In HIV-positive diarrhea patients, the prevalence peak was detected in more low income patients (85.7%) than in high income patients (32%). The high infection rate of specific groups was associated with exposure to a contaminated water supply. The results indicate that Cryptosporidium infection is highly prevalent in adult fecal specimens from the Nkonkobe Municipality, an indication of active infection that is likely to emerge as a major human pathogen in this locality owing to socioeconomic changes that favor transmission.
机译：我们进行了这项研究，以确定隐孢子虫的风险因素和患病率。南非东开普省爱丽丝乡村居民区的艾滋病毒阳性和艾滋病毒阴性腹泻患者。使用基于ELISA的方法对总共180份粪便标本（35例HIV阳性腹泻，125例HIV阴性腹泻患者和20名显然健康的受试者）进行了隐孢子虫病筛查。记录腹泻阳性患者的社会人口统计学信息，供水和动物接触情况。使用Pearson的％2-test和Fisher的精确检验对数据进行分析。在180个样本中的122个样本中检测到了隐孢子虫抗原（总体患病率为67.8％）。在HIV阳性腹泻患者中，年龄在31-43岁（平均年龄36.5岁）和70-82岁（平均年龄75.8岁）的人群中抗原的患病率（100％）高于18-30岁（平均年龄23.2岁）和83-95岁（平均年龄88.8岁）（50.0％）。在HIV阴性腹泻患者中，在18至30岁（平均年龄23.2岁）的患病率最高（87.5％），而在83-95岁（平均年龄88.8岁）的患病率最低（35.7％）。女性的隐孢子虫抗原血症（78.2％，平均年龄46.7岁）略高于男性（71.1％，平均年龄42.6岁），但差异无统计学意义（p> 0.05）。没有明显健康的对照对象感染隐孢子虫。 HIV阴性患者的抗原患病率明显高于HIV阳性患者，农场动物被认为是可能的危险因素。在HIV阳性腹泻患者中，与高收入患者（32％）相比，低收入患者（85.7％）的患病率峰值最高。特定人群的高感染率与暴露于受污染的供水有关。结果表明，隐孢子虫感染在Nkonkobe市成人粪便标本中非常普遍，这是由于社会经济变化有利于传播，活跃感染可能会在当地成为主要的人类病原体。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2011年第2期|p.127-133|共7页
  • 作者

    Beauty Omoruyi; Fredrick Matongo; Noxolo T.Nkwetshana; Ezekiel Green; Anna M. Clarke; Roland N. Ndip;

  • 作者单位

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa;

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa;

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa;

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa;

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa;

    Microbial Pathogenecity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MP&MERG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    antigenemia; cryptosporidium; diarrhea; hiv; risk factors;

    机译：抗原血症隐孢子虫腹泻;高危因素;

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