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Ehrlichia species, probable emerging human pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa: environmental exacerbation

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲的埃希氏菌属物种，可能是新兴的人类病原体：环境恶化

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摘要

Ehrlichiae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative tick-borne bacteria that are responsible for life-threatening emerging human zoonoses and diseases of veterinary importance worldwide, collectively called ehrlichioses. The genus Ehrlichia consists of five recognized species, including E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. muris, and E. ruminantium. The recent discoveries of Ehrlichia species in new areas and of tick species that were previously thought to be uninfected by these agents have suggested that these agents may have wider distribution than originally thought. Environmental factors like temperature, migration, control failure, and host population have been known to exacerbate the spread of Ehrlichia species. Human cases of moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis have been reported mainly in North America. In this article, we present an overview of ehrlichiae as emerging pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa, where E. ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, a disease of domestic and wild ruminants, is most established. Molecular evidence indicates that E. ruminantium may be an emerging pathogen of a life-threatening human disease. Ehrlichia ruminantium is considered an agricultural biothreat, with several strains reported throughout sub-Saharan Africa, where the infection is considered endemic. Understanding the diversity of E. ruminantium and other Ehrlichia species from all geographically distinct areas of sub-Saharan Africa may enhance our knowledge of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these pathogens.
机译：埃希氏菌是专一性的细胞内革兰氏阴性tick传细菌，它们负责威胁全球的威胁生命的新兴人畜共患病和重要的兽医疾病，统称埃希氏菌。埃里希氏菌属由五个公认的物种组成，包括犬埃里希氏菌，恰菲埃里希氏菌，尤金埃里希氏菌，鼠埃里希氏菌和反刍动物埃希氏菌。最近在新地区发现的埃希氏菌属物种和以前被认为未被这些病原体感染的壁虱物种的最新发现表明，这些病原体的分布范围可能比原先想象的要广。已知温度，迁徙，控制失灵和寄主种群等环境因素会加剧埃希氏菌属物种的传播。主要在北美地区报告了由恰菲埃里希氏菌引起的中度至重度人类疾病病例。在本文中，我们概述了作为南亚撒哈拉以南地区新兴病原体的埃希氏菌，在这里最普遍建立了反刍动物大肠杆菌（心水的病原体），后者是家畜和野生反刍动物的疾病。分子证据表明，反刍动物肠杆菌可能是威胁生命的人类疾病的新兴病原体。埃里希氏菌反刍动物被认为是一种农业生物威胁，在整个撒哈拉以南非洲据报道有几株，在那里感染被认为是地方性的。了解来自撒哈拉以南非洲所有地理上不同地区的反刍动物沙门氏菌和其他埃里希氏菌的多样性，可能会增强我们对这些病原体的发病机理和流行病学的认识。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2011年第4期|p.269-279|共11页
  • 作者

    Seraphine N. Esemu; Lucy M. Ndip; Roland N. Ndip;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon;

    Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon;

    Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Microbial Pathogenicity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, PMB X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;

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  • 关键词

    ehrlichiae; environmental factors; sub-saharan africa; tick vectors;

    机译：大肠杆菌环境因素;撒哈拉以南非洲;刻度线矢量图;

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