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Renal complications and scleroderma renal crisis

机译:肾并发症和硬皮病肾病

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Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) occurs in 5–10% of SSc patients, who may present with an abrupt onset of hypertension, acute renal failure, headaches, fevers, malaise, hypertensive retinopathy, encephalopathy and pulmonary oedema. Patients at greatest risk of developing SRC are those with diffuse cutaneous or rapidly progressive forms of SSc, and treatment with a recently commenced high dose of corticosteroid. Laboratory tests may demonstrate hypercreatinaemia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), thrombocytopaenia and hyperreninaemia. Renal crisis is also linked to a positive ANA speckled pattern, antibodies to RNA polymerase I and II, and an absence of anti-centromere antibodies. Early, aggressive treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors has improved prognosis in SRC, although 40% of the patients may require dialysis, and mortality at 5 yrs is 30–40%. Median time to recovery is 1 yr, and typically occurs within 3 yrs. Prognosis is worse for males, but may not be related to corticosteroid use, presence of MAHA or severity of renal pathology. Modification of endothelin over-activity, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of SRC, may offer a future therapeutic approach.
机译:硬皮病肾危机(SRC)发生在5-10%的SSc患者中,这些患者可能突然出现高血压,急性肾衰竭,头痛,发烧,全身乏力,高血压性视网膜病,脑病和肺水肿。发生SRC风险最大的患者是那些具有弥漫性皮肤或快速进行性SSc的患者,并接受近期开始的高剂量皮质类固醇激素治疗。实验室检查可能显示出高肌酐血症,微血管性溶血性贫血(MAHA),血小板减少症和高肾素血症。肾病也与ANA有斑点的模式,RNA聚合酶I和II的抗体以及抗着丝粒抗体的缺乏有关。尽早采用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂进行积极治疗可改善SRC的预后,尽管40%的患者可能需要透析,而5岁时的死亡率为30-40%。恢复时间的中位数为1年,通常在3年内发生。男性的预后较差,但可能与皮质类固醇的使用,MAHA的存在或肾脏病理的严重程度无关。参与SRC发病机制的内皮素过度活跃症的修饰可能会提供未来的治疗方法。

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  • 来源
    《Rheumatology》 |2009年第3期|p.32-35|共4页
  • 作者单位

    1Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, 2Department of Internal Medicine and Public Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 3Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France and 4Department for Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.;

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