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Risk Analysis for US Offshore Wind Farms: The Need for an Integrated Approach

机译：美国海上风电场的风险分析：需要综合方法

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Wind power is becoming an increasingly important part of the global energy portfolio, and there is growing interest in developing offshore wind farms in the United States to better utilize this resource. Wind farms have certain environmental benefits, notably near-zero emissions of greenhouse gases, particulates, and other contaminants of concern. However, there are significant challenges ahead in achieving large-scale integration of wind power in the United States, particularly offshore wind. Environmental impacts from wind farms are a concern, and these are subject to a number of on-going studies focused on risks to the environment. However, once a wind farm is built, the farm itself will face a number of risks from a variety of hazards, and managing these risks is critical to the ultimate achievement of long-term reductions in pollutant emissions from clean energy sources such as wind. No integrated framework currently exists for assessing risks to offshore wind farms in the United States, which poses a challenge for wind farm risk management. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the risks faced by an offshore wind farm, argue that an integrated framework is needed, and give a preliminary starting point for such a framework to illustrate what it might look like. This is not a final framework; substantial work remains. Our intention here is to highlight the research need in this area in the hope of spurring additional research about the risks to wind farms to complement the substantial amount of on-going research on the risks from wind farms.
机译：风力发电已成为全球能源组合中越来越重要的组成部分，并且对在美国开发海上风电场以更好地利用该资源的兴趣日益浓厚。风电场具有一定的环境效益，特别是温室气体，微粒和其他令人关注的污染物的排放几乎为零。但是，在美国实现风能，特别是海上风能的大规模整合方面，还面临着巨大的挑战。风电场对环境的影响是一个令人担忧的问题，这些问题正在接受许多针对环境风险的持续研究。但是，一旦建立了风电场，该风电场本身将面临各种危害带来的许多风险，而对这些风险的管理对于最终实现长期减少来自风能等清洁能源的污染物排放至关重要。美国目前尚没有用于评估海上风电场风险的综合框架，这对风电场风险管理构成了挑战。在此“观点”中，我们概述了海上风电场面临的风险，认为需要一个集成框架，并为此类框架提供了一个初步的起点，以说明其外观。这不是最终框架；仍有大量工作要做。我们的目的是强调这一领域的研究需求，以期激发有关风电场风险的更多研究，以补充正在进行的有关风电场风险的大量研究。

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