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Evaluating Efficiency-equality Tradeoffs For Mobile Source Control Strategies In An Urban Area

机译：评估城市中移动源控制策略的效率-平等权衡

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摘要

In environmental risk management, there are often interests in maximizing public health benefits (efficiency) and addressing inequality in the distribution of health outcomes. However, both dimensions are not generally considered within a single analytical framework. In this study, we estimate both total population health benefits and changes in quantitative indicators of health inequality for a number of alternative spatial distributions of diesel particulate filter retrofits across half of an urban bus fleet in Boston, Massachusetts. We focus on the impact of emissions controls on primary fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) emissions, modeling the effect on PM_(2.5) concentrations and premature mortality. Given spatial heterogeneity in baseline mortality rates, we apply the Atkinson index and other inequality indicators to quantify changes in the distribution of mortality risk. Across the different spatial distributions of control strategies, the public health benefits varied by more than a factor of two, related to factors such as mileage driven per day, population density near roadways, and baseline mortality rates in exposed populations. Changes in health inequality indicators varied across control strategies, with the subset of optimal strategies considering both efficiency and equality generally robust across different parametric assumptions and inequality indicators. Our analysis demonstrates the viability of formal analytical approaches to jointly address both efficiency and equality in risk assessment, providing a tool for decisionmakers who wish to consider both issues.
机译：在环境风险管理中，通常希望最大程度地提高公共卫生效益（效率）并解决健康结果分配中的不平等问题。但是，通常不会在单个分析框架内同时考虑这两个方面。在这项研究中，我们估算了马萨诸塞州波士顿市一半的城市公交车队的柴油颗粒滤清器改造的替代空间分布的总数，以及总体人口健康收益和健康不平等定量指标的变化。我们关注排放控制对主要细颗粒物（PM_（2.5））排放的影响，模拟对PM_（2.5）浓度和过早死亡的影响。考虑到基线死亡率的空间异质性，我们应用阿特金森指数和其他不平等指标来量化死亡风险分布的变化。在控制策略的不同空间分布中，与诸如每日驾驶里程数，行车道附近的人口密度以及暴露人群的基线死亡率等因素有关，公共卫生收益的变化超过两倍。卫生不平等指标的变化因控制策略而异，同时考虑效率和平等的最优策略的子集在不同的参数假设和不平等指标之间普遍具有稳健性。我们的分析表明，正式分析方法可共同解决风险评估中的效率和平等问题，为希望同时考虑这两个问题的决策者提供了一种工具。

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