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Integrating Software into PRA: A Test-Based Approach

机译：将软件集成到PRA：一种基于测试的方法

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摘要

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a methodology to assess the probability of failure or success of a system's operation. PRA has been proved to be a systematic, logical, and comprehensive technique for risk assessment. Software plays an increasing role in modern safety critical systems. A significant number of failures can be attributed to software failures. Unfortunately, current probabilistic risk assessment concentrates on representing the behavior of hardware systems, humans, and their contributions (to a limited extent) to risk but neglects the contributions of software due to a lack of understanding of software failure phenomena. It is thus imperative to consider and model the impact of software to reflect the risk in current and future systems. The objective of our research is to develop a methodology to account for the impact of software on system failure that can be used in the classical PRA analysis process. A test-based approach for integrating software into PRA is discussed in this article. This approach includes identification of software functions to be modeled in the PRA, modeling of the software contributions in the ESD, and fault tree. The approach also introduces the concepts of input tree and output tree and proposes a quantification strategy that uses a software safety testing technique. The method is applied to an example system, PACS.
机译：概率风险评估（PRA）是一种评估系统操作失败或成功的可能性的方法。 PRA已被证明是用于风险评估的系统，逻辑和综合技术。软件在现代安全关键系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色。大量故障可以归因于软件故障。不幸的是，当前的概率风险评估专注于表示硬件系统，人员及其行为（在一定程度上）对风险的行为，但由于对软件故障现象的了解不足，而忽略了软件的行为。因此，有必要考虑和建模软件的影响以反映当前和未来系统中的风险。我们研究的目的是开发一种方法，以解决可用于经典PRA分析过程中的软件对系统故障的影响。本文讨论了将软件集成到PRA中的基于测试的方法。该方法包括识别要在PRA中建模的软件功能，对ESD中的软件贡献进行建模以及故障树。该方法还介绍了输入树和输出树的概念，并提出了一种使用软件安全测试技术的量化策略。该方法应用于示例系统PACS。

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