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How Reassuring are Risk Comparisons to Pollution Standards and Emission Limits?

机译：与污染标准和排放限值进行风险比较时，如何放心？

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Pollutant emissions or ambient levels are often justified by reference to a higher benchmark, such as a public health standard or permit limit. However, does this risk comparison persuade the public audiences to whom it is frequently directed that such pollution levels are "acceptable"? A substantial proportion of people living within one mile of New Jersey's industrial facilities, perhaps as much as half, is indeed reassured by a comparison to such benchmarks. Positive attitudes toward discharge limits were linked to speaking English at home; positive attitudes toward drinking water standards were associated with seeing local benefits of industry as outweighing its risks, not speaking English, and relative youth (49 years old or less). Three scenarios involving drinking water contamination varied pre- and post-treatment levels of the pollutant, though all post-treatment levels were below the standard. In all cases great concern was expressed, with no significant differences across scenarios; net benefits, being white, and non-English speaking were linked to lower concern. Relative trust seems a better explanation of different attitudes toward benchmark comparisons than varying levels of knowledge, but both hypotheses have drawbacks that merit further testing. These results imply that people with negative views of industry or government, the ones officials might most wish to reassure, will tend to doubt that regulatory benchmarks offer a valid risk comparison.
机译：污染物排放或环境水平通常通过参考更高的基准（例如公共卫生标准或许可限制）来证明是合理的。但是，这种风险比较是否能说服经常被此类污染水平“接受”的公众受众？与这些基准相比，居住在新泽西州工业设施一英里范围内的很大一部分人（可能多达一半）确实可以放心。对待排放限制的积极态度与在家说英语有关。对饮用水标准的积极态度与将行业在当地的收益超过其风险，不说英语，以及相对年轻（49岁以下）有关。尽管所有后处理水平均低于标准，但涉及饮用水污染的三种情况会改变污染物的前处理和后处理水平。在所有情况下，都表达了极大的关切，各方案之间没有重大差异；净收益，白人和不会说英语与较低的关注度有关。相对信任似乎比变化的知识水平更好地解释了对基准比较的不同态度，但是这两种假设都有缺点，值得进一步检验。这些结果表明，那些对行业或政府持消极看法的人（官员们最希望向他们保证）将倾向于怀疑监管基准是否提供了有效的风险比较。

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