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A Definition and Categorization System for Advanced Materials: The Foundation for Risk-Informed Environmental Health and Safety Testing

机译：先进材料的定义和分类系统：基于风险的环境健康与安全测试的基础

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摘要

Novel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk-screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. The term advanced material lacks a consensus definition and associated categorization or grouping system for risk screening. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner-driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner-validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. Results from multiple workshops and interviews with practitioners provide consistent differentiation between AdMs and conventional materials, offer functional nomenclature for application science, and provide utility for future ESOH risk assessment prioritization. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk-related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM-enabled technologies.
机译：相对于传统材料，具有独特或增强性能的新型材料正以越来越高的速度发展。这些材料通常被称为高级材料（AdMs），它们使能够使社会受益的技术创新成为可能。尽管有它们的好处，但包括许多纳米材料在内的许多AdM的独特特征还鲜为人知，并且可能带来环境安全和职业健康（ESOH）风险，而传统的风险评估方法无法轻易确定这些风险。为了在跟上发展步伐的同时评估这些风险，技术开发人员和风险评估人员经常采用风险筛选方法，该方法取决于要评估的材料（例如，工程纳米材料）的清晰定义以及一种方法。将材料分类为ESOH风险优先级的类别。高级材料一词缺乏用于风险筛查的共识定义以及相关的分类或分组系统。在这项研究中，我们旨在建立针对AdM的从业人员驱动的定义，以及用于根据材料特征将AdM归类为概念性分组的经从业人员验证的框架。多次研讨会和与从业人员访谈的结果为AdM和传统材料提供了一致的区别，为应用科学提供了功能命名法，并为将来的ESOH风险评估优先级提供了实用性。这里建立的定义和分类框架是确定是否以及何时需要对AdM进行特定的ESOH和监管筛选以及应为AdM收集或生成的与风险相关的信息的类型和程度的第一步以及启用AdM的技术。

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