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首页> 外文期刊>Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing >Markerless cooperative augmented reality-based smart manufacturing double-check system: Case of safe PCBA inspection following automatic optical inspection
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Markerless cooperative augmented reality-based smart manufacturing double-check system: Case of safe PCBA inspection following automatic optical inspection

机译：基于无价值的合作增强现实的智能制造双重检查系统：自动光学检测后安全PCBA检查的情况

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摘要

Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology anchored towards realizing Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing aims. In manufacturing inspection, AR has previously been employed to support operators in assessing thickness of manufactured parts, ship building, aircraft subassemblies and printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) with or without external markers in standalone head-mounted (HMD) or handheld systems. These AR systems often use optical see-through (OST) or video see-through (VST) technologies. Currently, cyber physical integration of processes in an industrial system synergizes production through increased efficiency and improved quality while facilitating customization. An operator manually double-checking/inspecting a product that has previously been automatically inspected can better rely on this existing defect location information once it is contextually and spatially overlaid within their field of view to intuitively and efficiently execute the task. Additional interactive information provided can quickly reorient a user, provide necessary contextual reference, and monitor progress of the task while alerting them of their safety. In this study, adopting an automatic optical inspection (AOI) wirelessly aided HMD-OST AR-based manual inspection system requiring no external markers for contextual registration is a promising direction towards smart and safe PCBA manufacturing in line with Industry 4.0. Animated rectangular bracket of high color contrast is employed to localize the spawned AOI defect point, an arrow overlaid with distance text provides user guidance, a contextual resizable image facilitates user double-checking and a progress bar tracks the inspection progress while monitoring tracking state. We evaluate the developed system's robustness, effectiveness of display technology used, suitability of contextual against static display modes, and display technology influence on various inspection attributes in a user study. Results demonstrate the system to be robust, OST-HMD outperforms handheld VST devices, contextual display mode to be significantly preferred to static mode, and display technology employed has no significant influence on the inspection attributes. Finally, registration precision results demonstrate usability of the system while superposition of distance to orientation information raises the inspection rate of PCBAs.
机译：增强现实（AR）是一个锚定实现行业4.0智能制造目标的关键技术。在制造检查中，AR先前已被用于支持运营商，以评估制造零件，船舶建筑，飞机子组件和印刷电路板组件（PCBAS）的厚度，或者没有独立的头戴式头戴式（HMD）或手持系统中的外部标记。这些AR系统通常使用光透视（OST）或视频透视（VST）技术。目前，工业系统中工艺的网络物理集成通过提高效率和提高质量来协同生产，同时促进定制。手动仔细检查/检查产品的操作员可以更好地依赖于该现有缺陷位置信息，一旦其在其视野中以直观和有效地执行任务，就可以更依赖于该现有缺陷位置信息。提供的其他交互式信息可以快速重新定位用户，提供必要的上下文参考，并在警告其安全时监视任务的进度。在这项研究中，采用自动光学检测（AOI）无线辅助HMD-OST AR的手动检测系统，不需要对上下文注册的外部标记是符合行业4.0系列智能和安全PCBA制造的有希望的方向。使用高色对比的动画矩形括号用于本地化生成的AOI缺陷点，覆盖具有距离文本的箭头提供了用户指导，促进了用户指导，促进了用户双重检查，并且进度条跟踪监视跟踪状态的同时进行检查进度。我们评估发达的系统的稳健性，显示技术的有效性，对静态显示模式的适用性，以及对用户学习中各种检查属性的显示技术影响。结果证明系统是坚固的，OST-HMD优于手持式VST设备，上下文显示模式对于静态模式明显优选，并且所采用的显示技术对检查属性没有显着影响。最后，登记精度结果表明系统的可用性，同时叠加到方向信息的距离提高了PCBA的检查速率。

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