Conflicts of this decade, including Sierra Leone, Afghanistan and Iraq, have demonstrated that the application of military force needs to be planned and executed in a complex, multi-faceted environment. The military contribution to a campaign must be assessed as much in terms of the broader long term effects on the people and the social infrastructures, governance and culture of the country in crisis as in the outcome of "traditional" military activity. In response to this, military doctrine is placing a greater emphasis on a Comprehensive Approach across Government and allies and the planning and execution of military activity according to the campaign effects required (the Effects-Based Approach - EBA). Linking these is a cross-Government Information Strategy which expects military activity to contribute to as many effects as possible,. That broader contribution is through Information Operations.
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