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APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES IN MEDICINE

机译：放射性同位素在医学中的应用

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Nuclear medicine' is the medical specialty, which utilizes the nuclear properties of radioactive substances in diagnosis, therapy and research to evaluate metabolic, physiologic and pathologic conditions of human body. As an integral part of patient care, nuclear medicine is presently used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many serious ailments. Now-a-days, nuclear medicine offers procedures that are immensely helpful to a broad spectrum of medical sciences ranging from oncology to cardiology to psychiatry. Today physicians are equipped with a wide variety of nuclear imaging procedures and these uniquely provide information about the function of virtually every major organ/tissue of the human body. Nuclear medicine imaging procedures often identify abnormalities at the very early stage of the progression of the disease, long before it could be detected by other alternative diagnostic modalities and this allows the disease to be treated early in its course. However, the actual strength of nuclear medicine lies in its ability to monitor both anatomical and physiological functions in-vivo, which is not possible by the other contemporary imaging modalities, such as, computed tomography (CT) scanning, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound imaging1. Though, these imaging modalities are able to delineate anatomical features with a much superior resolution, they provide only limited information on the physiological functions1. Although the field of nuclear medicine is dominated by the diagnostic procedures, it also has valuable therapeutic applications, which include treatment of hyperthyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, Hodgkin's disease and a wide range of cancers, like cancers in breast, ovary, prostate, liver, colon, lung and endocrine glands. Nuclear medicine has also been extensively used to treat various heart ailments, leukemia and for providing pain relief to the patients suffering from metastatic bone cancer. Nuclear medicine has always been perhaps the most exciting area of investigation in medicine2. Today, it is considered as one of the important diagnostic and therapeutic specialty in the armamentarium of medical sciences in spite of its modest beginning less than a century ago.
机译：核医学是医学专业，利用放射性物质的核特性进行诊断，治疗和研究，以评估人体的代谢，生理和病理状况。作为患者护理不可或缺的一部分，核医学目前被用于许多严重疾病的诊断，治疗和预防。如今，核医学提供的程序对从肿瘤学到心脏病学到精神病学等广泛医学领域都非常有用。今天，医生配备了各种各样的核成像程序，这些程序可以唯一地提供有关人体几乎每个主要器官/组织的功能的信息。核医学成像程序通常在疾病发展的非常早期就识别出异常，很早就可以通过其他替代性诊断方式将其发现，这使得该疾病可以在其病程的早期得到治疗。但是，核医学的真正优势在于它能够同时监测体内的解剖和生理功能，这是其他当代成像方式所无法实现的，例如计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描，核磁共振成像（MRI） ）和超声成像1。尽管这些成像方式能够以更高的分辨率描绘出解剖特征，但它们仅提供了有关生理功能的有限信息1。尽管核医学领域以诊断程序为主导，但它也具有有价值的治疗应用，包括甲亢，类风湿性关节炎，霍奇金病和各种癌症，例如乳腺癌，卵巢癌，前列腺癌，肝癌，结肠癌等，肺和内分泌腺。核医学也已被广泛用于治疗各种心脏病，白血病以及为转移性骨癌患者提供止痛药。核医学一直是医学研究中最令人兴奋的领域。今天，尽管它在不到一个世纪前才开始起步，但仍被认为是医学武器库中重要的诊断和治疗专业之一。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2015年第10期|230-236|共7页
  • 作者

    TAPAS DAS;

  • 作者单位

    Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085;

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