The Bacteriophage-bacteria Rivalry Mechanism: Molecular Syringe vs Molecular Scissors

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The Bacteriophage-bacteria Rivalry Mechanism: Molecular Syringe vs Molecular Scissors

机译：噬菌体细菌竞争机制：分子注射器与分子剪刀

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Year 2012 marked the one-hundredth birth anniversary of Italian-born Nobel Laureate (1969) virologist Prof. Salvador Luria. He did pioneering investigations on possible mechanisms of lytic-type bacteriophage virus multiplication within Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Later on he turned attention to the mechanism of bacterial resistance to phage infection. With regards to mutant bacteria being indestructible to phage infection, there have been reports for all the T-series phages. Bacteria have developed strategies to cope with different environmental stressors and combat infection by diverse phages, like a method to chop up any foreign DNA with restriction enzyme. Other strategies, such as prevention of adsorption, blocking of injection, abortive infection and the nucleic acid-based adaptive immune system 'CRISPR/CRISPR associated proteins' are effective against viruses. At the same time phages have found counterattacking ways to circumvent and evade the bacterial protection strategies. Bacterial viruses exertactive anti-restriction mechanisms, also are capable of circumvention of versatile CRISPR-based acquired immunity. Such confronting features have been discussed in this communication with a tribute paid to the legendary biologist and an end note on bacteriophage therapy.

机译：2012年是意大利出生的诺贝尔奖获得者（1969年）病毒学家萨尔瓦多·卢里亚（Salvador Luria）教授诞辰一百周年。他对大肠埃希菌和痢疾志贺氏菌中溶菌型噬菌体病毒增殖的可能机制进行了开创性研究。后来，他开始关注细菌对噬菌体感染的抗性机制。关于不能被噬菌体感染破坏的突变细菌，已有关于所有T系列噬菌体的报道。细菌已开发出应对不同环境应激源并通过多种噬菌体抵抗感染的策略，例如一种用限制性酶切碎任何外源DNA的方法。其他策略，例如防止吸附，阻止注射，流产感染和基于核酸的自适应免疫系统“ CRISPR / CRISPR相关蛋白”，也可以有效抵抗病毒。同时，噬菌体已经发现了反击方式来规避和逃避细菌保护策略。细菌病毒发挥主动的抗限制性机制，也能够规避基于CRISPR的通用获得性免疫。在本交流中讨论了这些对立的特征，向这位传奇生物学家致敬，并提供了有关噬菌体治疗的尾注。

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《Science and Culture》 |2014年第2期|46-52|共7页
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The Bacteriophage-bacteria Rivalry Mechanism: Molecular Syringe vs Molecular Scissors

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