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Fish As A Nutritional Source Of Long Chain Fatty Acids

机译：鱼是长链脂肪酸的营养来源

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摘要

The most valuable contribution of fish to human diet is not just protein of very high biological value, but also its unique lipid attribute - the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which are involved in several vital physiological structure and function. The biosynthesis rate of these two vital fatty acids from α-linolenic acid requires action of consecutive desaturation and elongation and this process is either too slow or non-existent in humans. Fish is the only preformed source of these two fatty acids. Freshwater fishes though have higher levels of n-6 C_(18) PUFA contains only very low levels of EPA and DHA. Some species can however, produce, these from a-linolenic acid once this is provided along with their diet. It is likely therefore that nutritional regulation of the key enzymes - desaturase and elongase could be possible for conversion of C_(18) n-3 PUFAs to biologically active C_(20) and C_(22) counterparts. Research is being conducted worldwide to determine what regulates LC-PUFA biosynthesis in fish and how it can be optimized to enable fish to make effective use of dietary vegetable oil sources for better human nutrition. The extent to which fish and higher vertebrates can convert C_(18) PUFAs 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 to long chain C20/22 HUFAs varies with species and correlates with their complement of microsomal desaturase and elongase enzyme system. The EPA, DHA content of farmed freshwater fishes needs to be enhanced since availability of long chain PUFA-enriched fish from freshwater aquaculture with a fairly good balance of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids would immensely contribute to better human health and nutrition.
机译：鱼对人类饮食最有价值的贡献不仅在于其具有很高的生物学价值，还在于其独特的脂质特性-长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），主要为二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（ DHA）参与一些重要的生理结构和功能。从α-亚麻酸中这两种重要脂肪酸的生物合成速率需要连续的去饱和和伸长作用，并且该过程在人类中太慢或不存在。鱼是这两种脂肪酸的唯一预制来源。尽管淡水鱼的n-6 C_（18）PUFA含量较高，但其中的EPA和DHA含量却非常低。但是，某些物种可以在饮食中同时提供α-亚麻酸来生产。因此，关键的酶（去饱和酶和延伸酶）的营养调节可能会将C_（18）n-3 PUFA转化为具有生物活性的C_（20）和C_（22）对应物。全球正在开展研究，以确定是什么调节鱼类中LC-PUFA的生物合成，以及如何对其进行优化以使鱼类有效利用膳食植物油来源改善人体营养。鱼和高级脊椎动物可以将C_（18）PUFA 18：3n-3和18：2n-6转化为长链C20 / 22 HUFA的程度因物种而异，并且与它们的微粒体去饱和酶和延长酶系统互补。养殖淡水鱼的EPA，DHA含量需要提高，因为从淡水养殖中可获得富含长链PUFA的鱼，其中n-3和n-6脂肪酸的平衡相当好，将极大地改善人类健康和营养。

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