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ARSENIC : A GLOBAL MONSTER

机译：砷：全球怪兽

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摘要

Arsenic can cause acute and chronic toxic effects in the living system. There are several uses of arsenic in industry and in agriculture. Thee major uses of arsenic compounds in the glass industry and in the production of semiconductor are well established. The biggest calamity of arsenic toxicity has been documented as the development of arsenicosis by using the underground water as drinking purpose. As many as 20 countries are reported to have unveiled such incidents so far. Major disastrous effects of arsenic toxicity were reported from Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. In West Bengal alone, 6 million of population are at risk through arsenic exposure in drinking wafer. Exposure to arsenic via drinking water is associated with significant elevation of pimentation and keratoses which may eventually lead to skin cancer. Other systemic affections are cardiovascular irregularities, GI symptoms, neuropathy, abnormal pregnancy outcome and respiratory disorders. Chronic arsenic exposure, sometimes may found to cause cancer to various internal organs e.g. bladder, lung, kidney, liver etc. Arsenic is absorbed through gastrointestinal (GI) tract after its exposure and get metabolised in the liver before being excreted through urine in different forms. In course of such metabolism, arsenic is methylated to monomethyl arsonic acid (MMA) and to dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) which may easily be excreted. The primary objective of screening of arsenic toxicity is to identify the stages of toxicity and elimination of it from the body. The current management of acute and chronic arsenic poisoning relies on supportive care and chelalion therapy. Clinical studies revealed that chelating agents like DMSA, DMPS, BAL, D-penicillamine have little effect on modifying the deleterious effect of arsenic induced toxicity. Several unfocussed area has been discussed in this aspect, so that newer approach might have come with new hope to encounter this global monster.
机译：砷会在生命系统中引起急性和慢性毒性作用。砷在工业和农​​业中有多种用途。砷化合物在玻璃工业和半导体生产中的主要用途已得到公认。砷毒性最大的危害已被记录为以地下水为饮用目的引起的砷中毒。迄今为止，据报道有多达20个国家揭露了此类事件。孟加拉国和印度西孟加拉邦报告了砷毒性的主要灾难性影响。仅在西孟加拉邦，就有600万人受到饮用威化饼中砷暴露的威胁。通过饮用水接触砷会导致色素沉着和角化病明显增加，最终可能导致皮肤癌。其他全身性疾病包括心血管异常，胃肠道症状，神经病，异常妊娠结局和呼吸系统疾病。有时可能会发现慢性砷暴露会引起各种内部器官例如癌症的癌症。砷暴露后会通过胃肠道（GI）吸收，并在肝脏中代谢，然后通过尿以不同形式排泄。在这种代谢过程中，砷被甲基化为一甲基砷酸（MMA）和二甲基砷酸（DMA），后者很容易被排出。筛选砷毒性的主要目的是确定毒性阶段并将其从体内消除。当前对急性和慢性砷中毒的治疗依赖于支持治疗和螯合疗法。临床研究表明，螯合剂如DMSA，DMPS，BAL，D-青霉胺对改变砷诱导的毒性的有害作用几乎没有作用。在这方面已经讨论了几个未重点关注的领域，因此，新的方法可能会带来与遇到这个全球怪物的新希望。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2006年第8期|p.230-237|共8页
  • 作者

    SUBHANKAR DAS; AMAL ROY CHOWDHURY;

  • 作者单位

    Dept. of Industrial Toxicology, Regional Occupational Health Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Block-DP, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-91;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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