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首页> 外文期刊>Science and Engineering Ethics >The Emergence and Evolution of the Expression “Conflict of Interests” in Science: A Historical Overview, 1880–2006
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The Emergence and Evolution of the Expression “Conflict of Interests” in Science: A Historical Overview, 1880–2006

机译：科学中“利益冲突”一词的出现和演变：1880-2006年的历史回顾

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The tendency is strong to take the notion of “conflict of interests” for granted as if it had an invariant meaning and an ethical content independent of the historical context. It is doubtful however, from an historical and sociological point of view, that many of the cases now considered as instances of “conflicts of interests” would also have been conceived and perceived as such in, say, the 1930s. The idea of a “conflict of interests” presupposes that there are indeed interests in conflict. Conversely, as long as there is a consensus among the different groups involved, they will not conceive and even less denounce a given practice as being an instance of a “conflict of interests”. In this article we will show that the content of the discussions over conflicts of interests has changed over time in close relation with the transformations of the research system. In other words: there are social conditions for the emergence of “conflicts of interests”. The changing meaning of the notion is assessed by analyzing the presence of the expression “conflicts of interests” in the magazine Science over the past century. Three different meanings emerge and their content has evolved in close link with the changing structure of the relations between the scientific community first with the State and then with industry. It moved from a situation external to the scientific community to a debate going on inside the scientific community generated by the growing relations between university and industries.
机译：这种趋势很容易将“利益冲突”的概念视为理所当然，就好像它具有不变的含义和与历史背景无关的道德内涵。但是，从历史和社会学的角度来看，令人怀疑的是，许多现在被认为是“利益冲突”的案例在例如1930年代也已经被设想和感知到了。 “利益冲突”的概念以冲突中确实存在利益为前提。相反，只要所涉及的不同群体之间达成共识，他们就不会将某一种特定做法视为甚至“谴责”“利益冲突”。在本文中，我们将证明与利益冲突有关的讨论内容随着时间的推移而发生了变化，这与研究体系的变革息息相关。换句话说：“利益冲突”的产生具有社会条件。通过分析《科学》杂志过去一个世纪中“利益冲突”一词的存在，可以评估该概念不断变化的含义。出现了三种不同的含义，它们的内容与科学界首先与国家然后与产业之间的关系的不断变化的结构紧密地联系在一起。它从科学界外部的情况转变为由大学与产业之间日益增长的关系引起的科学界内部的辩论。

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