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Reconfiguration, Contestation, and Decline: Conceptualizing Mature Large Technical Systems

机译：重新配置，竞争和衰落：概念化成熟的大型技术系统

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摘要

Large technical systems (LTS) are integral to modern lifestyles but arduous to analyze. In this paper, we advance a conceptualization of LTS using the notion of mature “phases,” drawing from insights into innovation studies, science and technology studies, political science, the sociology of infrastructure, history of technology, and governance. We begin by defining LTS as a unit of analysis and explaining its conceptual utility and novelty, situating it among other prominent sociotechnical theories. Next, we argue that after LTS have moved through the (overlapping) phases proposed by Thomas Hughes of invention, expansion, growth, momentum, and style, mature LTS undergo the additional (overlapping) phases of reconfiguration, contestation (subject to pressures such as drift and crisis), and eventually stagnation and decline. We illustrate these analytical phases with historical case studies and the conceptual literature, and close by suggesting future research to refine and develop the LTS framework, particularly related to more refined typologies, temporal dimensions, and a broadening of system users. We aim to contribute to theoretical debates about the coevolution of LTS as well as empirical discussions about system-related use, sociotechnical change, and policy-making.
机译：大型技术系统（LTS）是现代生活方式不可或缺的，但分析起来很困难。在本文中，我们从成熟的“阶段”概念出发，对LTS进行概念化，并从对创新研究，科学技术研究，政治学，基础设施社会学，技术史和治理的见解中汲取经验。我们首先将LTS定义为分析单位，并解释其概念实用性和新颖性，并将其置于其他著名的社会技术理论之中。接下来，我们认为在LTS经历了Thomas Hughes提出的发明，扩展，增长，动力和风格提出的（重叠）阶段之后，成熟的LTS经历了重新配置，竞争（受到诸如漂移和危机），最终陷入停滞和衰退。我们通过历史案例研究和概念文献说明了这些分析阶段，并通过建议未来的研究来完善和开发LTS框架，特别是与更精细的类型，时间维度和系统用户的扩展相关的研究，作为结尾。我们旨在为有关LTS协同进化的理论辩论以及有关系统使用，社会技术变革和政策制定的经验性讨论提供帮助。

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