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首页> 外文期刊>Science, Technology and Human Values >How Archaeological Evidence Bites Back: Strategies for Putting Old Data to Work in New Ways
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How Archaeological Evidence Bites Back: Strategies for Putting Old Data to Work in New Ways

机译：考古证据如何被反击：以新方式使用旧数据的策略

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Archaeological data are shadowy in a number of senses. They are notoriously incomplete and fragmentary, and the sedimented layers of interpretive scaffolding on which archaeologists rely to constitute these data as evidence carry the risk that they will recognize only those data that conform to expectation. These epistemic anxieties further suggest that, once recovered, there is little prospect for putting "legacy" data to work in new ways. And yet the "data imprints" of past lives are a rich evidential resource; archaeologists successfully mine old data sets for new insights that redirect inquiry, often calling into question assumptions embedded in the scaffolding that made their recovery possible in the first place. I characterize three strategies by which archaeologists address the challenges posed by legacy data: secondary retrieval and recontextualization of primary data, and the use old data in experimental simulations of the cultural past under study. By these means, archaeologists establish evidential claims of varying degrees of credibility, not by securing empirical bedrock but through a process of continuously building and rebuilding provisional empirical foundations.
机译：在许多方面，考古数据都是模糊的。众所周知，它们是不完整且零碎的，考古学家依靠这些解释性脚手架的沉淀层来构成这些数据作为证据，却冒着风险，他们只会识别出符合预期的数据。这些认知焦虑进一步表明，一旦康复，将“遗留”数据用于新方法的可能性很小。然而，前世的“数据烙印”是丰富的证据资源。考古学家成功地挖掘了旧的数据集，以获取新的见解，从而重定向了查询，通常将问题假设纳入嵌入脚手架的假设中，这些假设使他们的康复成为可能。我描述了考古学家用来应对遗留数据带来的挑战的三种策略：原始数据的二次检索和重新上下文化，以及在研究中的文化过去的实验模拟中使用旧数据。通过这些手段，考古学家不是通过确保经验基础，而是通过不断建立和重建临时经验基础的过程来建立具有不同程度可信度的证据。

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