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Risk Assessment of Emerging Technologies and Post-Normal Science

机译：新兴技术和后师范大学科学的风险评估

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摘要

Post-Normal Science (PNS) as a theory links epistemology and governance. It not only focuses on problem situations where facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent, but also tries to develop epis-temic approaches that allow for sound scientific answers. The following article addresses major epistemological challenges within a typical "wicked-problem situation", i.e., risk assessment of emerging technologies. Such challenges include (a) epistemological problems intrinsic to the task of proving the absence of risk, (b) problems related to the multi-sited production of evidence and the multitude of epistemic cultures involved, (c) the incompatibility of the various implicit objectives and (d) the complex actor-constellations, that shape not only the way scientific knowledge is translated into action, but also which kind of knowledge is produced and which experts are listened to. To illustrate and discuss these characteristics, the article draws on an empirical study of risk research in the fields of agri-biotechnology and telecommunication technology in Germany. It concludes that although some aspects of PNS are already part of current epistemic practices in these fields, a state of "functional post-normality" depends upon a meaningful co-evolution between post-normal science and post-normal governance that has not yet been achieved.
机译：后师范大学科学（PNS）作为理论联系了认识论和治理。它不仅着眼于不确定的事实，争议的价值，高风险和紧急决策的问题情况，而且还尝试开发流行病学方法以提供合理的科学答案。下一篇文章解决了典型的“邪恶问题情况”（即新兴技术的风险评估）中的主要认识论挑战。这些挑战包括：（a）证明没有风险的任务所固有的认识论问题；（b）与证据的多处提供和涉及的众多认知文化有关的问题；（c）各种隐含目标的不相容性（d）复杂的行动者群体，不仅影响将科学知识转化为行动的方式，而且还决定产生哪种知识以及听取哪些专家的意见。为了说明和讨论这些特征，本文对德国农业生物技术和电信技术领域的风险研究进行了实证研究。结论是，尽管PNS的某些方面已经成为这些领域当前认知实践的一部分，但“功能正常后”的状态取决于正常后科学与正常后治理之间有意义的共同发展实现。

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