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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Urbanization and climate change: Insights from eco- hydrological diagnostics
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Urbanization and climate change: Insights from eco- hydrological diagnostics

机译：城市化与气候变化：生态水文诊断学的见解

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To quantify how urbanization induced long-term changes have altered the evolution of urban climate, a novel ecohydrological diagnostic is introduced and applied globally, to a developing and a developed country (China and US-America). Urban areas are (i) geographically identified by remote sensing based nighttime light, (ii) physically embedded in state spaces spanned by suitable combinations of surface energy and water fluxes comprising the rainfall-runoff chain, and (iii) dynamically characterized by the time evolution of the surface fluxes at geographically fixed locations, analyzed as trajectories in state space, and interpreted by an attributionmodel separating anthropogenic from climate induced causes. The results describe the long term climatological settings of urban areas in a net radiation versus dryness diagram, while the attribution of change is diagnosed in a state space spanned by energy and water excess: (i) Cities in China are characterized by a bi-modal distribution separated by the boundary between water and energy-limited (northern and southern) regimes while US-American cities are assembling unimodally on this boundary, and globally the urbanized areas are also aligned along this boundary between water and energy-limited regimes. (ii) Attribution of eco-hydrological changes of urbanized regions to climate and human-induced causes shows also basic differences between the developing and developed country: urbanization in Chinese cities is characterized by a 'wet-gets-drier' and 'dry-gets-wetter' paradigm of the climate-induced contributions, due to which cities tend towards a unimodal state as it is observed for US-American urban areas. Finally, implications for large scale city planning are discussed in the outlook. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：为了量化城市化引起的长期变化如何改变了城市气候的演变，一种新颖的生态水文学诊断方法被引入全球，并应用于发展中国家和发达国家（中国和美国）。城市地区（i）通过基于遥感的夜间光在地理上进行标识；（ii）物理嵌入状态空间中的状态空间中，该状态空间由包括降雨径流链的表面能和水通量的适当组合所跨越，并且（iii）通过时间演变来动态表征在地理上固定位置的表面通量的变化，作为状态空间中的轨迹进行分析，并通过归因模型加以解释，该模型将人为原因与气候引起的原因分开。结果以净辐射与干燥关系图描述了城市地区的长期气候环境，而变化的归因是在能源和水过量所跨越的状态空间中进行诊断的：（i）中国的城市具有双峰特征分布由水和能源有限制度（北部和南部）政权之间的边界分隔，而美利坚合众国城市在该边界上以单峰方式聚集，全球范围内的城市化地区也沿水和能源有限制度之间的边界对齐。 （ii）城市化地区的生态水文变化对气候和人为原因的影响也显示出发展中国家与发达国家之间的基本差异：中国城市化的特征是“干湿物”和“干湿物”气候引起的贡献的“更好”范式，由于这种趋势，美利坚合众国城市地区倾向于单峰状态。最后，展望中讨论了对大规模城市规划的影响。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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