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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Characterization of restoration lime mortars and decay by-products in the Meditation area of Machu Picchu archaeological site
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Characterization of restoration lime mortars and decay by-products in the Meditation area of Machu Picchu archaeological site

机译：马丘比丘考古遗址冥想区的恢复性石灰砂浆和腐烂副产物的表征

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摘要

Machu Picchu citadel is the main archaeological Inca sanctuary widely known around the world, and a World Heritage Site of high cultural and natural value. For its construction a whitish granitic rock, extracted from the "Vilcapampa or Vilcabamba" batholith formation was used. During time, some of the granitic rocks from the natural stonewalls of the Meditation area of the Archaeological Park were restored. For the restoration works done in the 50s' a specific lime mortar called Clarobesa was used. After the inclusion of this joining mortar, many efflores-cences are nowadays visible in the mortar itself and on the surface of the edges of the annexed rocks. To evaluate the possible impact of these salts crystallizations in the conservation state of these natural stonewalls, a multi-analytical methodology was designed and applied. With a combination of non-invasive and destructive techniques such as X-ray Diffraction, Raman microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to an Energy Dispersive X ray Spectrometer and ion chromatography, the mineralogical composition and the nature/concentration of the soluble salts present in the Clarobesa mortar was determined.The experimental results suggest that Clarobesa mortar is a hydraulic lime mortar. The study of salts crystallizations by Raman microscopy allowed identifying the presence of calcium sulfates with different hydration waters and also nitrates. In some samples, the concentration of sulfates was high, reaching values up to 10% w/w. Although the concentration of nitrates is not extremely high, a clear contribution of ammonium nitrates coming from the decomposition of the nearby vegetation was assessed. Since the Clarobesa mortar can be considered an important input of ions that can migrate to the joined granitic rocks, in the future, it will be recommendable to monitor possible changes in the conservation state of the joined rocks. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：马丘比丘城堡是世界著名的主要印加考古保护区，也是具有较高文化和自然价值的世界遗产。对于其构造，使用了从“ Vilcapampa或Vilcabamba”岩基中提取的发白花岗岩岩。在一段时间内，从考古公园冥想区的天然石墙中恢复了一些花岗岩。在50年代进行的修复工作中，使用了一种称为Clarobesa的特殊石灰砂浆。在加入这种连接砂浆后，如今在砂浆本身中以及在附属岩石的边缘表面上都可以看到许多风化现象。为了评估这些盐结晶对这些天然石墙的保护状态的可能影响，设计并应用了多种分析方法。结合非侵入性和破坏性技术（例如X射线衍射，拉曼显微镜，扫描电子显微镜以及能量色散X射线光谱仪和离子色谱仪），矿物成分和可溶盐中存在的可溶性盐的性质/浓度测定了Clarobesa砂浆。实验结果表明Clarobesa砂浆是水硬性石灰砂浆。通过拉曼显微镜对盐的结晶进行的研究可以确定硫酸钙与不同水合水以及硝酸盐的存在。在某些样品中，硫酸盐的浓度很高，最高可达10％w / w。尽管硝酸盐的浓度不是很高，但评估了附近植被分解产生的硝酸铵的明显贡献。由于克拉罗萨砂浆被认为是离子的重要输入，可以迁移到结合的花岗岩中，因此将来建议监测结合岩石的守恒状态可能发生的变化。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2019年第20期|23-31|共9页
  • 作者

    Morillas Hector; Huallparimachi Gladys; Maguregui Maite; Marcaida Iker; Gallego-Cartagena Euler; Astete Fernando; Manuel Madariaga Juan;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Dept Analyt Chem Fac Sci & Technol POB 644 Bilbao 48080 Basque Country Spain|Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Dept Math & Expt Sci Didact Fac Educ Philosophy & Anthropol 2 Bldg Onati Plaza 3 Donostia San Sebastian 20018 Basque Country Spain;

    Minist Cultura Direcc PAN Machu Picchu Direcc Desconcentrada Cultura Cusco Machu Picchu Peru|Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco POB 921 Ave Cultura 733 Cuzco Peru;

    Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Dept Analyt Chem Fac Pharm POB 450 Vitoria 01080 Basque Country Spain;

    Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Dept Analyt Chem Fac Sci & Technol POB 644 Bilbao 48080 Basque Country Spain;

    Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Dept Analyt Chem Fac Sci & Technol POB 644 Bilbao 48080 Basque Country Spain|Univ Costa Dept Civil & Environm Calle 58 55-66 Barranquilla 080002 Colombia;

    Minist Cultura Direcc PAN Machu Picchu Direcc Desconcentrada Cultura Cusco Machu Picchu Peru;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Machu Picchu; Clarobesa lime mortar; Salts aystallizations; X-ray diffraction; Raman microscopy; Ion chromatography;

    机译：马丘比丘;Clarobesa石灰砂浆;盐碱化;X射线衍射;拉曼显微镜离子色谱;

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