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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Combination of a crop model and a geochemical model as a new approach to evaluate the sustainability of an intensive agriculture system
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Combination of a crop model and a geochemical model as a new approach to evaluate the sustainability of an intensive agriculture system

机译：结合作物模型和地球化学模型作为评估集约农业系统可持续性的新方法

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By combining a crop model (STICS) and a geochemical model (PHREEQC), a new approach to assess the sustainability of agrosystems is proposed. It is based upon aqueous geochemistry and the stepwise modifications of soil solution during its transfer from the surface till aquifer. Meadows of Crau (SE France), irrigated since the 16th century, were field monitored (2012-2015) and modelled. Except for N, the mineral requirements of hay are largely covered by dissolved elements brought by irrigation water with only slight deficits in K and P, which are compensated by P-K fertilizers and the winter pasture by sheep. N cycle results in a very small nitrate leakage. The main determinants of the chemical composition changes of water are: concentration by evaporation, equilibration with soil pCO_2, mineral nutrition of plants, input of fertilizers, sheep grazing, mineral-solution interactions in superficial formations till the aquifer, including ion exchange. Inverse modelling with PHREEQC allows for quantifying these processes. For groundwater, measured composition fit statistically very well with those computed, validating thus this approach. This long-term established agrosystem protects both soil and water resources: soil nutritional status remains constant with even some P and (minor) K fixation in soils; long-term decarbonatation occurs but it is greatly slowed by saturation of irrigation water by carbonate; P fixation in soil protects groundwater from eutrophication.
机译：通过结合作物模型（STICS）和地球化学模型（PHREEQC），提出了一种评估农业系统可持续性的新方法。它基于水溶液的地球化学和土壤溶液从表层到含水层转移过程中的逐步改变。自16世纪以来灌溉的克劳（Meau）草地（法国东南部）进行了田野监测（2012-2015）并进行了建模。除氮外，干草中的矿物质需求主要由灌溉水带来的溶解元素所覆盖，而钾和磷仅略有亏缺，磷和钾肥可弥补这一不足，绵羊的冬季牧场可弥补这一不足。 N循环导致非常小的硝酸盐泄漏。水化学成分变化的主要决定因素是：蒸发浓缩，与土壤pCO_2平衡，植物的矿物质营养，肥料的投入，放牧绵羊，表层直至含水层的矿物质溶液相互作用，包括离子交换。用PHREEQC进行逆建模可以量化这些过程。对于地下水，测得的成分在统计上与计算出的成分非常吻合，因此验证了这种方法。这种长期建立的农业系统既保护土壤又保护水资源，即使在土壤中固定了磷和（少量）钾，土壤的营养状况仍然保持不变。发生了长期脱碳作用，但由于碳酸盐使灌溉水饱和而大大减慢了脱碳作用。固定在土壤中的磷可保护地下水免于富营养化。

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