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Incidental phosphorus and nitrogen loss from grassland plots receiving chemically amended dairy cattle slurry

机译：接受化学改良奶牛粪便的草地地磷和氮的偶然损失

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摘要

Chemical amendment of dairy cattle slurry has been shown to effectively reduce incidental phosphorus (P) losses in runoff; however, the effects of amendments on incidental nitrogen (N) losses are not as well documented. This study examined P and N losses in runoff during three simulated rainfall events 2,10 and 28 days after a single application of unamended/chemically amended dairy cattle slurry. Twenty-five hydraulically isolated plots, each measuring 0.9 m by 0.4 m and instrumented with runoff collection channels, were randomly assigned the following treatments: (i) grass-only, (ii) slurry-only (the study-control), (iii) slurry amended with industrial grade liquid alum comprising 8% Al_2O_3, (iv) slurry amended with industrial grade liquid poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) comprising 10% Al_2O_3, and (v) slurry amended with lime. During the first rainfall event, lime was ineffective but alum and PAC effectively reduced dissolved reactive P (DRP) (by 95 and 98%, respectively) and total P (TP) flow-weighted-mean-concentrations (by 82 and 93%, respectively) in runoff compared to the study-control. However, flow-weighted-mean-concentrations of ammonium-N (NH_4-N) in runoff were increased with alum- (81%) and lime-treated (11%) slurry compared to the study-control whereas PAC reduced the NH_4-N by 82%. Amendments were not observed to have a significant effect on NO_3-N losses during this study. Slurry amendments reduced P losses for the duration of the study, whereas the effect of amendments on N losses was not significant following the first event Antecedent volumetric water content of the soil or slope of the plots did not appear to affect runoff volume. However, runoff volumes (and consequently loads of P and N) were observed to increase for the chemically amended plots compared to the control and soil-only plots. This work highlights the importance of considering both P and N losses when implementing a specific nutrient mitigation measure.
机译：奶牛粪便的化学改良剂已显示可有效减少径流中磷（P）的偶然损失。但是，修正案对偶发氮（N）损失的影响尚未得到充分记录。这项研究检查了在单次施用未经修正/化学修正的奶牛粪便后的2、10和28天的三个模拟降雨事件中径流中的磷和氮损失。随机分配了25个水力隔离地块，每个地块的大小为0.9 m x 0.4 m，并配有径流收集通道，分别进行了以下处理：（i）仅草皮，（ii）仅草浆（研究对照），（iii ）用包含8％Al_2O_3的工业级液体明矾修正的浆料，（iv）用包含10％Al_2O_3的工业级液体聚氯化铝（PAC）修正的浆料，和（v）用石灰修正的浆料。在第一次降雨事件中，石灰无效，但明矾和PAC有效降低了溶解态反应性P（DRP）（分别降低了95％和98％）和总P（TP）的流量加权平均浓度（分别降低了82％和93％，与研究对照相比）。然而，与研究对照相比，用明矾（81％）和石灰处理（11％）的泥浆增加了径流中铵态氮（NH_4-N）的流量加权平均浓度，而PAC减少了NH_4- N增加82％。在本研究中，未观察到修正对NO_3-N损失有重大影响。在研究期间，泥浆改良剂减少了P的损失，而在第一次事件发生后，改良剂对N损失的影响并不显着，土壤或样地坡度的先期体积含水量似乎并未影响径流量。但是，与对照样地和仅土壤样地相比，化学修正样地的径流量（以及相应的P和N负荷）增加了。这项工作强调了在实施特定的营养缓解措施时，必须同时考虑磷和氮的损失。

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  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2012年第15期|132-140|共9页
  • 作者

    R.B. Brennan; M.G. Healy; J. Grant; T.G. Ibrahim; O. Fenton;

  • 作者单位

    Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Gahvay, Ireland,Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland,Dept. Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA,115 Plant Sciences Building, Division of Agriculture,University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;

    Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Gahvay, Ireland;

    Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;

    Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland;

    Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    alum; poly-aluminum chloride; lime; runoff; amendments; management;

    机译：明矾;聚氯化铝;酸橙;径流;修正案;管理;

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