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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Chemical compositions and source identification of PM_(2.5) aerosols for estimation of a diesel source surrogate
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Chemical compositions and source identification of PM_(2.5) aerosols for estimation of a diesel source surrogate

机译：用于估算柴油源替代物的PM_（2.5）气溶胶的化学成分和源识别

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摘要

Exposure to traffic-related pollution during childhood has been associated with asthma exacerbation, and asthma incidence. The objective of the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) is to determine if the development of allergic and respiratory disease is associated with exposure to diesel engine exhaust particles. A detailed receptor model analyses was undertaken by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) and UNMIX receptor models to two PM_(2.5) data sets: one consisting of two carbon fractions and the other of eight temperature-resolved carbon fractions. Based on the source profiles resolved from the analyses, markers of traffic-related air pollution were estimated: the elemental carbon attributed to traffic (ECAT) and elemental carbon attributed to diesel vehicle emission (ECAD). Application of UNMIX to the two data sets generated four source factors: combustion related sulfate, traffic, metal processing and soil/crustal. The PMF application generated six source factors derived from analyzing two carbon fractions and seven factors from temperature-resolved eight carbon fractions. The source factors (with source contribution estimates by mass concentrations in parentheses) are: combustion sulfate (46.8%), vegetative burning (15.8%), secondary sulfate (12.9%), diesel vehicle emission (10.9%), metal processing (7.5%), gasoline vehicle emission (5.6%) and soil/crustal (0.7%). Diesel and gasoline vehicle emission sources were separated using eight temperature-resolved organic and elemental carbon fractions. Application of PMF to both datasets also differentiated the sulfate rich source from the vegetative burning source, which are combined in a single factor by UNMIX modeling. Calculated ECAT and ECAD values at different locations indicated that traffic source impacts depend on factors such as traffic volumes, meteorological parameters, and the mode of vehicle operation apart from the proximity of the sites to highways. The difference in ECAT and ECAD, however, was less than one standard deviation. Thus, a cost benefit consideration should be used when deciding on the benefits of an eight or two carbon approach.
机译：儿童时期暴露于与交通有关的污染与哮喘恶化和哮喘的发生有关。辛辛那提儿童过敏和空气污染研究（CCAAPS）的目的是确定过敏性疾病和呼吸道疾病的发展是否与柴油发动机废气颗粒的暴露有关。通过对两个PM_（2.5）数据集应用正矩阵分解（PMF）和UNMIX受体模型，进行了详细的受体模型分析：一个由两个碳组分组成，另一个由八个温度分辨碳组分组成。根据分析得出的来源概况，估算与交通有关的空气污染的指标：归因于交通的元素碳（ECAT）和归因于柴油车排放的元素碳（ECAD）。将联海特派团的数据应用于这两个数据集产生了四个来源因素：与燃烧有关的硫酸盐，交通，金属加工和土壤/结壳。 PMF应用程序产生了六个源因子，这些源因子来自分析两个碳馏分，七个因子来自温度解析的八个碳馏分。排放源因素（用括号中的质量浓度估算排放源）为：燃烧硫酸盐（46.8％），无性燃烧（15.8％），二次硫酸盐（12.9％），柴油车排放量（10.9％），金属加工（7.5％） ），汽油车排放量（5.6％）和土壤/地壳（0.7％）。使用八个温度分辨的有机碳和元素碳馏分分离出柴油和汽油车辆的排放源。将PMF应用于这两个数据集还可以将富含硫酸盐的源与营养燃烧的源区分开，通过UNMIX建模将其合并为一个因素。在不同位置计算出的ECAT和ECAD值表明，交通流量源的影响取决于诸如交通量，气象参数和车辆操作模式等因素，除了站点与高速公路之间的距离。但是，ECAT和ECAD的差异小于一个标准偏差。因此，在决定采用八碳或二碳方法的利益时，应考虑成本利益。

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  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2011年第13期|p.2642-2651|共10页
  • 作者

    Manoranjan Sahu; Shaohua Hu; Patrick H. Ryan; Grace Le Masters; Sergey A. Grinshpun; Judith C. Chow; Pratim Biswas;

  • 作者单位

    Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;

    Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;

    Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA;

    Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Campus Box 1180, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    PM_(2.5); receptor modeling; diesel exhaust; gasoline exhaust; elemental carbon; organic carbon;

    机译：PM_（2.5）;受体建模;柴油机排气汽油废气元素碳有机碳;

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