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首页> 外文期刊>Science of the total environment >Ingestion of lead from ammunition and lead concentrations in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden
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Ingestion of lead from ammunition and lead concentrations in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden

机译：瑞典白尾海雕（Haliaeetus albicilla）的弹药中铅含量和铅含量

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摘要

In this study we show for the first time that lead poisoning from ammunition is a significant mortality factor for white-tailed sea eagle (WSE) (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. We analyzed 118 WSEs collected between 1981 and 2004 from which both liver and kidney samples could be taken. A total of 22% of all eagles examined had elevated (>6 μg/g d.w.) lead concentrations, indicating exposure to leaded ammunition, and 14% of the individuals had either liver or kidney lead concentrations diagnostic of lethal lead poisoning (>20 μg/g d.w.). Lead concentrations in liver and kidney were significantly correlated. In individuals with lead levels <6 μg/g, concentrations were significantly higher in kidney than in liver; in individuals with lead levels >20 μg/g, concentrations were significantly higher in liver. The lead isotope ratios indicate that the source of lead in individuals with lethal concentrations is different from that of individuals exhibiting background concentrations of lead (<6 μg/g d.w.) There were no significant sex or age differences in lead concentrations. A study from the Baltic reported in principle no biomagnification of lead, but background lead concentrations in WSE liver in this study were still four to >10 times higher than concentrations reported for Baltic fish from the same time period. In contrast to other biota there was no decrease in lead concentrations in WSE over the study period. The proportion of lead poisoned WSE remained unchanged over the study period, including two years after a partial ban of lead shot was enforced in 2002 for shallow wetlands. The use of lead in ammunition poses a threat to all raptors potentially feeding on shot game or offal. The removal of offal from shot game and alternatives to leaded ammunition needs to be implemented in order to prevent mortality from lead in raptors and scavengers.
机译：在这项研究中，我们首次证明了弹药中铅中毒是瑞典白尾海鹰（WSE）（Haliaeetus albicilla）的重要死亡因素。我们分析了1981年至2004年之间收集的118种WSE，可以从中采集肝脏和肾脏样本。总共检查的所有老鹰中有22％的铅浓度升高（> 6μg/ g dw），表明已暴露于含铅弹药，并且有14％的个体具有肝或肾铅浓度，可诊断出致命的铅中毒（> 20μg / g dw）。肝脏和肾脏中的铅浓度显着相关。铅水平<6μg/ g的个体中，肾脏中的浓度显着高于肝脏中的浓度；在铅水平> 20μg/ g的个体中，肝脏中的浓度明显更高。铅同位素比表明，具有致命浓度的个体中的铅来源与表现出铅本底浓度（<6μg/ g d.w.）的个体的铅来源不同。铅浓度没有明显的性别或年龄差异。波罗的海的一项研究报告原则上没有铅的生物放大作用，但本研究中WSE肝脏中的背景铅浓度仍比同期报告的波罗的海鱼类的铅浓度高四到十倍以上。与其他生物区系相反，在研究期间，WSE中的铅浓度没有降低。在研究期间，铅中毒的WSE的比例保持不变，包括在2002年对浅湿地实行部分铅射击禁令后的两年。弹药中铅的使用对所有以猛禽或内脏为食的猛禽构成威胁。为了防止猛禽和清道夫中的铅造成的死亡，需要从铅球比赛中清除内脏和替代含铅弹药。

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  • 来源
    《Science of the total environment》 |2009年第21期|5555-5563|共9页
  • 作者

    B. Helander; J. Axelsson; H. Borg; K. Holm; A. Bignert;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Contaminant Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;

    Department of Applied Environmental Science/ITM, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Applied Environmental Science/ITM, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Contaminant Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    ammunition; eagle; haliaeetus; lead; mortality; poisoning;

    机译：弹药;鹰;哈里亚伊图斯铅;死亡;中毒;

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