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首页> 外文期刊>Science of the total environment >Application of discriminant analysis with clustered data to determine anthropogenic metals contamination
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Application of discriminant analysis with clustered data to determine anthropogenic metals contamination

机译：判别分析和聚类数据在确定人为金属污染中的应用

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摘要

Environmental site assessments involve, among other things, characterization of the nature and extent of contamination. In general, environmental assessors are interested in empirical methodologies that can be applied to a broad range of environmental media (e.g., soils, sediments, etc.) and situations. To date, no unified guidance has been adopted, and site investigations usually involve a tiered process with multiple analyses. We propose a multivariate analysis methodology utilizing discriminant analysis with clustered chemical concentrations as a novel application to environmental site assessments that determine, in relative order of magnitude, contaminated chemicals. Finite mixture models are presented as a means to assess latent chemical clusters with some basis in statistical inference. The methodology is illustrated with a typical localized data set containing total metal and metalloid (i.e., chemical) concentrations, extracted from bulk soil collected from reference and site-related locations, obtained from a former military installation in the southeast United Sates. The illustration is particularly applicable because site-related soils inherently possessed higher background chemical levels than reference soils, which biased conventional analyses. However, contrasting chemical compositions were inferred within site-related samples illustrating the versatility of the proposed methodology. Using these results along with known information regarding the history of contamination at the site, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of contaminated chemicals was made. Results are intended for illustration purposes only and are discussed within the context of environmental site assessment.
机译：环境现场评估除其他外包括污染性质和程度的表征。通常，环境评估人员对可应用于广泛环境介质（例如土壤，沉积物等）和情况的经验方法感兴趣。迄今为止，还没有采用统一的指导，现场调查通常涉及具有多个分析的分层过程。我们提出了一种使用判别分析和化学物浓度成簇的多元分析方法，将其作为环境位点评估的新应用，以相对的数量级确定受污染的化学物。提出了有限的混合模型，作为评估潜在化学簇的一种方法，并以统计推断为基础。用典型的局部数据集说明了该方法，该数据集包含总金属和准金属（即化学物）的浓度，这些浓度是从美国和美国东南部以前的军事设施从参考位置和与地点相关的位置收集的大块土壤中提取的。该说明之所以特别适用，是因为与地点相关的土壤固有地比参照土壤具有更高的背景化学水平，而参考土壤有偏差。但是，据推断与现场相关的样品中的化学成分相反，说明了所提出方法的多功能性。利用这些结果以及有关现场污染历史的已知信息，对受污染的化学物质进行了定性和定量评估。结果仅用于说明目的，并在环境现场评估的背景下进行讨论。

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