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Bolsa Chica wetlands restoration: A coastal jewel restored

机译：Bolsa Chica湿地修复：修复了沿海的宝石

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摘要

The Bolsa Chica Lowlands is a 485-hectare wetlands site in the Southern California Bight. Prior to restoration, the majority of the site was degraded wetland which had been cut off from tidal influence since 1899 and used primarily as a center for oil extraction operations. Functioning wetland was found only in Inner Bolsa Bay, immediately west of the Lowlands, which had been established as an ecological reserve in1973 and managed by the California Department of Fish and Game. In 1996, eight state and federal agencies generated an interagency agreement to establish a project for wetlands acquisition and restoration at the Bolsa Chica Lowlands. The project involved creation of a Full Tidal Basin (FTB), Muted Tidal Basins (MTBs), and elevated nesting areas along with construction of a tidal inlet under the existing Pacific Coast Highway north of Huntington Mesa. The inlet is stabilized in-place by stone jetties, with a new bridge on the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) and a dedicated oil services bridge to allow access to a portion of the still-active oil field. Design challenges included balancing construction and maintenance costs with habitat restoration goals, inlet and jetty dimensions sufficient for adequate tidal exchange, groundwater and flood control, as well as a need to minimize impacts to the surrounding shoreline. Construction challenges included avoidance of existing site biological resources, extensive dewatering and sediment plume management, soil densification prior to bridge pile driving, traffic management, and large machinery operation within the beach swash zone. Maintenance dredging was foreseen as a necessary element of the approved project design to ensure adequate tidal exchange. Two dredging events, in 2009 and 2011, have occurred since restoration activities ended. Post-construction monitoring is being conducted of the tidal basin, flood shoal, beach width, and biological resources. Monitoring results overall indicate that critical hydrodynamics to support habitat have been achieved without negative physical impacts. Bird and fish species have increased significantly in both number and species diversity over their pre-restoration populations. This project received the first Project Excellence Award from COPRI (Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute) of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2008.
机译：Bolsa Chica低地是位于南加利福尼亚湾的485公顷湿地。在恢复之前，该地点的大部分地区是退化的湿地，自1899年以来就不再受潮汐影响，主要用作采油中心。正常运行的湿地仅在低地以西的内博尔萨湾内，该地已于1973年建立为生态保护区，并由加利福尼亚州鱼类和猎物部管理。 1996年，八个州和联邦机构达成了一项跨机构协议，以在Bolsa Chica Lowlands建立湿地收购和恢复项目。该项目涉及创建一个完整的潮汐盆地（FTB），突变潮汐盆地（MTB）和高架筑巢区，以及在Huntington Mesa以北的现有太平洋海岸公路下建造潮汐进口。入口通过石质码头稳定就位，在太平洋海岸公路（PCH）上有一座新桥，还有一个专用的石油服务桥，可通往仍处于活动状态的油田的一部分。设计上的挑战包括在建筑和维护成本与栖息地恢复目标，入口和码头尺寸之间进行权衡，以充分进行潮汐交换，地下水和洪水控制，以及将对周围海岸线的影响降至最低的需求。施工方面的挑战包括避免现有的场地生物资源，广泛的脱水和沉积物羽流管理，桥桩打桩前的土壤致密化，交通管理以及海滩冲积区内的大型机械作业。维护疏dr被认为是批准的项目设计的必要组成部分，以确保进行足够的潮汐交换。自恢复活动结束以来，2009年和2011年发生了两次疏events事件。正在对潮汐盆地，洪水浅滩，海滩宽度和生物资源进行施工后监测。总体监测结果表明，在没有负面物理影响的情况下，实现了支持栖息地的关键水动力。在恢复之前，鸟类和鱼类物种的数量和物种多样性都显着增加。该项目于2008年获得了美国土木工程师学会COPRI（海岸，海洋，港口和河流研究所）的首个项目卓越奖。

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  • 来源
    《Shore and beach》 |2012年第3期|p.22-2326-2830-36|共12页
  • 作者

    R. Boudreau; W. Jin; R. Sloop; M. Breitenstein; M. McCarthy; T. McMahon;

  • 作者单位

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

    Moffatt & Nichol 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 600 Long Beach, CA 90806;

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