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An Agent-Based Approach to Virtual Power Plants of Wind Power Generators and Electric Vehicles

机译：基于Agent的风力发电机和电动汽车虚拟电厂方法

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摘要

Wind power is gaining in significance as an important renewable source of clean energy. However, due to their inherent uncertainty, wind generators are often unable to participate in the forward electricity markets like the more predictable and controllable conventional generators. Given this, virtual power plants (VPPs) are being advocated as a solution for increasing the reliability of such intermittent renewable sources. In this paper, we take this idea further by considering VPPs as coalitions of wind generators and electric vehicles, where wind generators seek to use electric vehicles (EVs) as a storage medium to overcome the vagaries of generation. Using electric vehicles in this manner has the advantage that, since the number of EVs is increasing rapidly, no initial investment in dedicated storage is needed. In more detail, we first formally model the VPP and then, through an operational model based on linear programming, we show how the supply to the Grid and storage in the EV batteries can be scheduled to increase the profit of the VPP, while also paying for the storage using a novel scheme. The feasibility of our approach is examined through a realistic case-study, using real wind power generation data, corresponding electricity market prices and electric vehicles' characteristics.
机译：风力作为清洁能源的重要可再生资源正变得越来越重要。但是，由于其固有的不确定性，风力发电机通常无法像更可预测和可控制的常规发电机那样参与正向电力市场。鉴于此，虚拟电厂（VPP）被提倡作为提高此类间歇性可再生能源可靠性的解决方案。在本文中，我们通过将VPP视为风力发电机和电动车辆的联盟来进一步推进这一想法，在这种情况下，风力发电机寻求使用电动车辆（EV）作为存储介质来克服发电的麻烦。以这种方式使用电动车辆的优点在于，由于电动汽车的数量迅速增加，因此不需要在专用存储装置上的初始投资。更详细地，我们首先对VPP进行正式建模，然后通过基于线性编程的操作模型，展示如何计划向电网供应和在EV电池中的存储以增加VPP的利润，同时还要支付使用新颖的方案进行存储。通过实际案例研究，使用真实的风力发电数据，相应的电力市场价格和电动汽车的特征，检验了我们方法的可行性。

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