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Risk of Cyber-Physical Attack via Load With Emulated Inertia Control

机译：通过模拟惯性控制的负载进行网络物理攻击的风险

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摘要

The intrinsic electromechanical coupling of power and frequency across a power system creates the possibility of indirect cyber-physical attacks, where the attack's impact occurs at locations far removed from the intrusion point. The work here explores this vulnerability, demonstrating mechanisms by which an attacker could cause system-wide unstable oscillations and trips of generators, by an attack altering only local control characteristics of customer loads. This extends previous work on malicious control in generator governor control loops in three ways. First, the fidelity and size of the study system is improved, with each generator represented via detailed models in a non-linear dynamic simulation. Second, we study an increasingly plausible attack, in which loads (prior to attack) are enlisted to enhance system stability through the exercise of emulated inertia control. Finally, the work demonstrates methodologies which an attacker might employ to choose the generator(s) targeted to experience large oscillations (and tripping through protective relay action) and the locations, where compromised control systems would have greatest impact. Nonlinear simulation results indicate that malicious control destabilizes the power system, with targeted generators experiencing large magnitude oscillations, and probable tripping of rate of change of frequency protective relays. These results are demonstrated as robust over variations in parameters, topology, and loading.
机译：整个电源系统中功率和频率的固有机电耦合产生了间接的网络物理攻击的可能性，其中攻击的影响发生在远离入侵点的位置。此处的工作探讨了此漏洞，展示了攻击者仅通过改变客户负载的本地控制特征，就可以通过该机制导致系统范围内的不稳定振荡​​和发电机跳闸。这通过三种方式扩展了以前在发电机调控器控制循环中进行恶意控制的工作。首先，改进了研究系统的保真度和大小，每个发电机都通过非线性动态仿真中的详细模型表示。其次，我们研究了一种越来越合理的攻击，即通过模拟惯性控制来争取负载（攻击之前）以增强系统稳定性。最后，该工作演示了攻击者可能会采用的方法，以选择攻击者以遭受较大的振荡（并通过保护继电器动作跳闸）为目标的发电机，以及对受损的控制系统影响最大的位置。非线性仿真结果表明，恶意控制破坏了电力系统的稳定性，目标发电机遭受了大幅度的振荡，并且频率保护继电器的变化率可能跳闸。这些结果证明了在参数，拓扑和负载变化方面具有鲁棒性。

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