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Cross-Cultural Preferences for Distributive Justice Principles: Resource Type and Uncertainty Management

机译：分配正义原则的跨文化偏好：资源类型和不确定性管理

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摘要

Drawing on social resource theory, we investigated the evaluation of distributive justice principles in relation to material benefits (monetary rewards in working life) and symbolic benefits (praise at university) in a cross-cultural study. We predicted that the equity principle would be perceived as more just for distributing culturally valued resources, whereas the equality principle would be perceived as more just for resources that are less valued within culture. Moreover, applying uncertainty management theory, we predicted that cross-cultural fairness evaluations would be more pronounced for individuals with higher (vs. lower) uncertainty avoidance or lower (vs. higher) uncertainty tolerance. Data of 608 Canadian and German students were collected in a two-wave survey. As expected, when allocating material benefits Canadians found the equity principle to be more just than did Germans, whereas Germans perceived the equality principle as more just than did Canadians. When allocating symbolic benefits, by contrast, Canadians perceived equality as more just than did Germans, though unexpectedly culture did not influence evaluations of the equity principle. Finally, consistent with uncertainty management theory, some of the cultural differences in the evaluation of distributive principles were more pronounced among people with higher uncertainty avoidance and lower uncertainty tolerance. Implications for cross-cultural research on distributive justice are discussed.
机译：借助社会资源理论，我们在跨文化研究中调查了与物质利益（工作生活中的金钱报酬）和象征性利益（大学赞美）相关的分配正义原则的评估。我们预测，公平原则将更被视为分配具有文化价值的资源，而平等原则将更被视为仅对文化中价值较低的资源进行分配。此外，运用不确定性管理理论，我们预测，对于具有较高（而不是较低）不确定性规避度或较低（而不是较高）不确定性容忍度的个人，跨文化公平性评估会更加明显。在两次调查中收集了608名加拿大和德国学生的数据。不出所料，加拿大人在分配物质利益时发现公平原则比德国人公平，而德国人认为平等原则比加拿大人公平。相比之下，在分配象征性利益时，加拿大人比德国人更认为平等，尽管文化出乎意料地不影响对公平原则的评价。最后，与不确定性管理理论一致，在避免不确定性较高和不确定性容忍度较低的人群中，分配原则评估中的某些文化差异更为明显。讨论了对分配正义的跨文化研究的意义。

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