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首页> 外文期刊>Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering >Observed dynamic soil-structure interaction in scale testing of offshore wind turbine foundations
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Observed dynamic soil-structure interaction in scale testing of offshore wind turbine foundations

机译：海上风力发电机基础规模试验中观察到的动态土-结构相互作用

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摘要

Monopile foundations have been commonly used to support offshore wind turbine generators (WTGs), but this type of foundation encounters economic and technical limitations for larger WTGs in water depths exceeding 30 m. Offshore wind farm projects are increasingly turning to alternative multipod foundations (for example tetrapod, jacket and tripods) supported on shallow foundations to reduce the environmental effects of piling noise. However the characteristics of these foundations under dynamic loading or long term cyclic wind turbine loading are not fully understood. This paper summarises the results from a series of small scaled tests (1:100,1:150 and 1:200) of a complete National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine model on three types of foundations: monopiles, symmetric tetrapod and asymmetric tripod. The test bed used consists of either kaolin clay or sand and up to 1.4 million loading cycles were applied. The results showed that the multipod foundations (symmetric or asymmetric) exhibit two closely spaced natural frequencies corresponding to the rocking modes of vibration in two principle axes. Furthermore, the corresponding two spectral peaks change with repeated cycles of loading and they converge for symmetric tetrapods but not for asymmetric tripods. From the fatigue design point of view, the two spectral peaks for multipod foundations broaden the range of frequencies that can be excited by the broadband nature of the environmental loading (wind and wave) thereby impacting the extent of motions. Thus the system lifespan (number of cycles to failure) may effectively increase for symmetric foundations as the two peaks will tend to converge. However, for asymmetric foundations the system life may continue to be affected adversely as the two peaks will not converge. In this sense, designers should prefer symmetric foundations to asymmetric foundations.
机译：单桩基础通常被用于支撑海上风力发电机（WTG），但是这种类型的基础在水深超过30 m的大型WTG遇到经济和技术限制。海上风电场项目越来越多地转向在浅层基础上支撑的替代多脚架基础（例如，四脚架，夹套和三脚架），以减少打桩噪声对环境的影响。然而，这些基础在动态载荷或长期循环风力涡轮机载荷下的特性尚未完全了解。本文总结了完整的国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）风力涡轮机模型的一系列小规模测试（1：100、1：150和1：200）的结果，该模型基于以下三种类型的基础：单桩，对称四脚架和不对称鼎。所用的试验床由高岭土或沙子组成，施加了140万次加载循环。结果表明，多脚架基础（对称或不对称）表现出两个紧密间隔的固有频率，对应于两个主轴上的振动模式。此外，对应的两个光谱峰随着重复的加载循环而变化，并且对于对称的四脚架而不是不对称的三脚架会聚。从疲劳设计的角度来看，多脚架基础的两个频谱峰值拓宽了可被环境负荷（风和波）的宽带性质激发的频率范围，从而影响了运动的程度。因此，对于对称基础，系统寿命（故障循环次数）可能会有效地增加，因为两个峰值将趋于收敛。但是，对于不对称的地基，由于两个峰值不会收敛，因此系统寿命可能会继续受到不利影响。从这个意义上讲，设计者应该更喜欢对称基础而不是不对称基础。

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