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Natural Bitumens: Physicochemical Properties and Production Technologies

机译：天然沥青：理化性质和生产技术

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摘要

The physicochemical parameters and the extraction technologies of natural bitumenssolid or viscous natural materials that are the products of hypergenic, phase-migratory, contact-metamorphic, and other natural transformations of oilwere analyzed. The separation of bitumens is based on their physicochemical properties, the most important of which are solubility in chloroform, oil content, specific gravity, coking behavior, Mohs hardness, group composition, and consistency. It was shown that the physicochemical properties of natural bitumens and black and oil shales, their hydrocarbon composition, and the concentrations and ratios of their ore components depend on the initial organic matter, the litho-facial conditions of its burial, and the subsequent accumulation and destruction, that is, on the geological history of sedimentary basins. To improve the efficiency of further development of natural bitumen deposits, it was proposed to introduce a highly efficient integrated technology for developing hard-to-recover reserves, the most important elements of which are the application of thermal effects using various heat sources, horizontal drilling, and hydraulic fracturing.
机译：分析了天然沥青固体或粘性天然物质的理化参数和提取技术，这些天然物质是油的高产，相迁移，接触变质和其他自然转化的产物。沥青的分离基于其理化特性，其中最重要的是在氯仿中的溶解度，油含量，比重，焦化行为，莫氏硬度，基团组成和稠度。结果表明，天然沥青，黑色和油页岩的理化性质，烃组成，矿石成分的浓度和比例取决于初始有机质，其埋藏的岩石面条件以及随后的堆积和沉积。破坏，即对沉积盆地的地质历史。为了提高天然沥青沉积物进一步开发的效率，建议引入一种高效的综合技术来开发难以开采的储量，其中最重要的要素是利用各种热源的热效应，水平钻井的应用，以及水力压裂。

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