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Effect of titanium ion irradiation on the surface and defect centre formation in sapphire

机译：钛离子辐照对蓝宝石表面和缺陷中心形成的影响

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摘要

Swift titanium ion irradiation was carried out on sapphire (Al_2O_3: Fe, Ti, Cr) to study optical properties of defect centers and surface topography of modified sapphire using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Single crystals of sapphire were irradiated at room temperature with different fluence of 100 MeV Ti ions. The PL spectra showed three emission bands centred at 2.56 (480 nm), 2.45 (504 nm) and 2.31 eV (535 nm) assigned to F~+ centre, F_2 centre and F_2~(2+) defect centre, respectively. The intensity of these bands was found to change with fluence. R lines of Cr~(3+) ion impurity, though weak in pristine sample, grew tremendously on ion irradiation. The changes in the intensity of R lines are correlated with the Cr~(3+)-defect centre pair formation. Both bands and lines showed downward trend at higher fluence but at a different fluence value. Results are interpreted in terms of creation of defect centres, aggregation/cluster formation, diffusion or radiation induced annihilation of the defects. The defect centres (F_2~+ and f_2~(2+)) and R-line of Cr~(3+) ions were observed in optical spectra and their behaviour upon irradiation is also discussed in terms of dense ionization. The behaviour of bands corresponding to the electronic transitions of Fe~(2+)/Ti~(4+) ions in the presence of oxygen vacancies, observed in optical spectra, are discussed in terms of dense ionization. The hillocks like structures were developed on the surface of irradiated sapphires. Their concentration, height and area are correlated with the ion beam fluence.
机译：对蓝宝石（Al_2O_3：Fe，Ti，Cr）进行快速钛离子辐照，以利用紫外可见吸收光谱，光致发光（PL）和原子力显微镜（AFM）技术研究缺陷中心的光学性质和改性蓝宝石的表面形貌。在室温下以不同的通量100 MeV Ti离子辐照蓝宝石单晶。 PL光谱显示三个发射带，分别位于F 6+中心，F 2 2中心和F 2 2（2+）缺陷中心，分别位于2.56（480 nm），2.45（504 nm）和2.31 eV（535 nm）。发现这些条带的强度随着注量而变化。 Cr〜（3+）离子杂质的R线虽然在原始样品中较弱，但在离子辐照下极大地增长。 R线强度的变化与Cr〜（3 +）-缺陷中心对的形成有关。带和线都显示出下降趋势，其通量较高，但通量值不同。根据缺陷中心的产生，聚集/簇的形成，扩散或辐射引起的an灭来解释结果。在光谱中观察到了Cr〜（3+）离子的缺陷中心（F_2〜+和f_2〜（2+））和R线，并从致密电离的角度探讨了它们在辐照下的行为。在光谱中观察到，在氧空位的存在下，与Fe〜（2 +）/ Ti〜（4+）离子的电子跃迁相对应的能带行为，从致密电离的角度进行了讨论。辐射状蓝宝石的表面形成了小丘状结构。它们的浓度，高度和面积与离子束通量相关。

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