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Shining light on electrons under extreme conditions

机译：在极端条件下使电子发光

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Strongly-correlated two-dimensional (2D) electron fluids occur in artificial semiconductor heterostructures of high perfection that are subjected to quantizing magnetic fields. Under conditions of high magnetic fields, low temperatures in the millikelvin range and low electron density, the 2D quantum fluids display dispersive low-energy collective excitations that represent time- and space-dependent oscillations in the charge and/or the orientations of spin. These collective modes manifest fundamental interactions that are responsible for electron correlation. Studies of low-lying collective excitation modes play pivotal roles in the low-temperature phases of the electron liquids and offer venues of studying energetics, coherence, magnetization, instabilities and quantum phase transitions of the 2D system. In 1978 a proposal by Burstein, Pinczuk and Buchner suggested that resonant inelastic light scattering methods would have the sensitivity required to Study elementary excitations of 2D electron systems in semiconductors. We review here recent light scattering results obtained from 2D electron fluids in semiconductor quantum structures under extreme conditions of low temperature and large magnetic field. In these experiments, resonant inelastic light scattering methods probe fundamental behaviors due to interactions with a sensitivity that will keep light scattering studies at the frontiers of research of quantum fluids in low dimensional electron systems. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：高度相关的二维（2D）电子流体出现在高度完美的人工半导体异质结构中，该异质结构受到磁场的量化。在高磁场，毫ikeilvin范围内的低温和低电子密度的条件下，二维量子流体显示出分散的低能集体激发，这些激发代表了电荷和/或自旋取向随时间和空间变化的振荡。这些集体模式表现出负责电子相关的基本相互作用。低层集体激发模式的研究在电子液体的低温相中起着关键作用，并为研究2D系统的能量学，相干性，磁化，不稳定性和量子相变提供了场所。 1978年，Burstein，Pinczuk和Buchner的一项提议提出，共振非弹性光散射方法将具有研究半导体中二维电子系统的基本激发所需要的灵敏度。我们在这里回顾了在低温和大磁场的极端条件下从半导体量子结构中的二维电子流体获得的最新光散射结果。在这些实验中，共振非弹性光散射方法以相互作用的方式探测了基本行为，其灵敏度使得光散射研究始终处于低维电子系统量子流体研究的前沿。 （C）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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