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A Noneist Account of the Doctrine of Creatio ex Nihilo

机译：对尼希洛创作的主义的不存在的描述

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I spell out a problem with the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo: that, contra the doctrine, it is not possible to efficiently cause something from nothing. This is because an efficient cause requires a material cause in order to have an effect. The material cause supplies the potency that the efficient cause actualises. Because nothingness has no potencies, there is nothing for an efficient cause to actualise. I show that this objection presupposes that the theory of noneism (the proposition that some things do not exist) is false. I postulate that the universe (i.e. the created order) is a non-existent item and so there is no problem with the claim that it was efficiently caused to come from nothing – the universe has no being anyway. After rehearsing the rather strong reasons in favour of the truth of noneism, I deal with two objections that are peculiar to my claim that the universe lacks reality: that creation possesses characteristics that are sufficient to render it existent and that a non-existent object has its properties independent of divine fiat. I show that there are sensible replies to both objections. With regard to the first I show that the possession of such characteristics at most shows that the universe has an ontological status that is equivalent to some reference point. With regard to the second I argue that the Characterisation Principle (i.e. in some world – not necessarily the actual world – an object has the properties that it is characterised as having) entails that non-existent objects possess their properties in virtue of some existent entity and that the only plausible candidate for such an entity is a divine mind of some sort.
机译：我阐明了无创创造学说的一个问题：与该学说相反，不可能从无到有有效地引起某些后果。这是因为有效的原因需要物质的原因才能发挥作用。物质原因提供有效原因实现的效力。由于虚无没有效力，因此没有任何理由可以实现。我证明了这种异议的前提是，无神论（某些事物不存在的命题）是错误的。我假设宇宙（即已创建的订单）是不存在的项目，因此声称它是有效地从无到有的说法是没有问题的-宇宙无论如何都不会存在。在演练了支持无主义真理的强烈理由之后，我提出了两个异议，这些异议是我关于宇宙缺乏现实的主张所特有的：创造物具有足以使其存在的特征，而一个不存在的物体具有足以使它存在的特征。其特性独立于神圣的法令。我表明对这两个异议都有合理的答复。关于第一个，我表明拥有这些特征最多表明宇宙具有的本体状态相当于某个参考点。关于第二个问题，我认为特征化原理（即在某些世界中-不一定是现实世界中-一个对象具有其被描述为具有的属性）意味着不存在的对象凭借某些存在的实体而具有其属性。而且这种实体唯一可行的候选者是某种神圣的思想。

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