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A Contemporary Metaphysical Controversy

机译：当代形而上学的争论

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I argue that a metaphysical controversy, comparable with the ‘pantheism controversy’ of the late 18th century, is being played out today in the world-wide clash between religion and science, in which one side adheres to a strict materialism and the other admits phenomena of inspiritment as having a place in ontology. Just as the pantheism controversy was resolved, to some degree, via the concept of panentheism, so the solution to the contest between science and religion today might be pointing us in a panentheist direction. Taking into account (a) the empirical evidence of science, (b) the widespread evidence of spirit phenomena from different religions and spirit traditions, and (c) that the experience of spirit phenomena varies according to cultural frame of reference, I conclude that spirit phenomena must emanate from something that is common across cultures. The only thing that could be common across cultures is matter: it must be matter itself then that is imbued with spirit. While this position has affinities with panentheism, I argue that ‘panentheism’ is not in fact an appropriate name for it in the 21st century, as this name excludes the experience of many cultures for whom phenomena of inspiritment are not describable in any kind of theistic terms.
机译：我认为，今天在世界范围内的宗教与科学之间的冲突中，正在发生一种与18世纪末的“泛神论之争”相当的形而上学之争，其中一方面坚持严格的唯物主义，另一方面承认现象在本体中占有一席之地。正如通过泛神论的概念在某种程度上解决了泛神论的争议一样，今天对科学与宗教之争的解决方案也许将我们指向了泛神论的方向。考虑到（a）科学的经验证据，（b）来自不同宗教和精神传统的精神现象的广泛证据，以及（c）精神现象的经验根据文化参照系的不同而不同，我得出结论：精神现象必须源于跨文化的共同点。跨文化的唯一共同点是物质：必须是物质本身，然后才能充满精神。尽管这一立场与泛神论有相似之处，但我认为“泛神论”实际上并不是21世纪的恰当名称，因为该名称排除了许多文化中没有以任何神学来描述鼓舞现象的经验。条款。

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