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Forward Contamination of Ocean Worlds: A Stakeholder Conversation

机译：海洋世界的前瞻性污染：利益相关者对话

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A fundamental requirement for space missions designed to touch "potential habitats" is the single number 10(-4), the allowable probability of a single Earth organism contaminating the potential habitat. Many aspects of a mission that affect its complexity and cost hardware design and manufacture, assembly and test, and mission operations are driven by this value; therefore, it is important, on the threshold of an era of exploring ocean worlds, to have confidence in it Yet, despite its long pedigree and occasional reviews, we find that the current requirement lacks programmatically defensible justification. At issue are three weaknesses: (1) microbial biology, in particular the science of extremophiles, is a rapidly changing field; (2) forward contamination (FC) is both a scientific and an ethical issue, yet no ethics-based conversation is apparent within policy-setting circles; and (3) because of these 2 factors, policy-setting cannot be static. We review the history of the requirement, how the evolving understanding of biology could drive it up or down, how the FC hazard relates to risk-management practice and to the ethics profession, and how a contemporary stakeholder conversation could adapt lessons already learned by other fields. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：设计用于触摸“潜在栖息地”的空间任务的根本要求是单一的10（-4），污染潜在栖息地的单个地球生物的允许概率。使特派团的许多方面影响其复杂性和成本硬件设计和制造，装配和测试以及该值的驱动;因此，关于探索海洋世界时代的门槛，仍然有信心，尽管其血统和偶尔的审查，但我们发现目前的要求缺乏以方便地可取的理由。问题是三个弱点：（1）微生物生物学，特别是Exprootophiles的科学，是一种快速变化的田间; （2）前瞻性污染（FC）是一个科学和道德问题，但在政策制定圈内没有基于伦理的谈话是显而易见的; （3）由于这两个因素，策略设置不能静态。我们审查了要求的历史，如何发展生物学的理解可以推动它，FC危险如何与风险管理实践以及道德行业有关，以及当代利益相关方对话如何适应其他人已经学习的课程领域。 （c）2018年elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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