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Major solar energetic particle events of solar cycles 22 and 23: Intensities above the streaming limit

机译：太阳周期22和23的主要太阳能粒子事件：强度超过流动极限

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Large solar energetic particle (SEP) events constitute a serious radiation hazard to astronauts and spacecraft systems. It is essential to determine the highest particle intensities reached in SEP events, especially at the energies that pose serious risks to human health and spacecraft performance. It has been argued that the highest particle intensities measured during large SEP events occur in association with the passage of shocks driven by coronal mass ejections known as the energetic storm particle (ESP) component. Furthermore, it has been argued that the intensities measured early in the SEP events (known as the prompt component) are bounded by a maximum intensity plateau that results from wave-particle interactions that restrict the free streaming of particles (also called the “streaming limit”). We analyze proton intensities measured by the GOES spacecraft at the energy channels P5 (∼39–82 MeV) and P7 (∼110–500 MeV) during solar cycles 22 and 23 and examine whether the highest intensities were measured during the prompt or the ESP components of the SEP events. We find three (one) SEP events in which the highest proton intensities measured during the prompt component at the energy channel P5 (P7) exceeded by a factor of 4 or more the previously determined “streaming limit”. Arguments to explain intensities during the prompt components exceeding this limit invoke interplanetary conditions that inhibit the amplification of waves resonating with the streaming particles and/or the presence of interplanetary structures able to confine and/or mirror energetic particles. We analyze these possibilities for each one of these events.
机译：大型太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件对宇航员和航天器系统构成了严重的辐射危害。确定在SEP事件中达到的最高粒子强度至关重要，尤其是在对人体健康和航天器性能构成严重风险的能量处。有人认为，在大型SEP事件中测得的最高粒子强度与被称为高能风暴粒子（ESP）分量的日冕物质抛射所驱动的冲击的通过有关。此外，有人争辩说，在SEP事件的早期测量的强度（称为瞬态分量）受最大强度平台限制，该最大强度平台是由限制粒子自由流动的波粒相互作用引起的（也称为“流动极限”）。 ”）。我们分析了GOES航天器在太阳周期22和23期间在能量通道P5（〜39–82 MeV）和P7（〜110–500 MeV）处测量的质子强度，并检查了在瞬发或ESP期间测量的最高强度SEP事件的组成部分。我们发现三（一）个SEP事件，其中在能量通道P5（P7）的即时组分期间测得的最高质子强度超出先前确定的“流极限”的4倍或更多。解释瞬态分量超过此限制时的强度的论点调用行星际条件，该条件抑制了与流粒子共振的波的放大和/或行星间结构的存在，这些结构能够限制和/或镜像高能粒子。我们针对这些事件中的每一项分析这些可能性。

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