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User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: An eye tracking study

机译：地铁地图的用户性能和阅读策略：一项眼动追踪研究

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We conducted a controlled empirical eye tracking study with 40 participants using schematic metro maps. The study focused on two aspects: determining different reading strategies and assessing user performance. We considered the following factors: color encoding (color vs. gray-scale), map complexity (three levels), and task difficulty (three levels). There was one type of task: find a route from a start to a target location and state the number of transfers that have to be performed. To identify reading strategies, we annotated fixations of scanpaths, computed a transition matrix of each annotated scanpath, and used these matrices as input to cluster scanpaths into groups of similar behavior. We show how these reading strategies relate to the geodesic structure of the scanpaths' fixations projected onto the geodesic line that connects start and target locations. The analysis of the eye tracking data is complemented by statistical inference working on two eye tracking metrics (average fixation duration and saccade length). User performance was evaluated with a statistical analysis of task correctness and completion time. Our study shows that the design factors have a significant impact on user task performance. Also, we were able to identify typical reading strategies like directly finding a path from start to target location. Often, participants check the correctness of their result multiple times by moving back and forth between start and target. Our findings also indicate that the choice of reading strategies does not depend on whether color or gray-scale encoding is used.
机译：我们使用示意图地铁图与40名参与者进行了一项受控的经验眼动追踪研究。该研究集中在两个方面：确定不同的阅读策略和评估用户表现。我们考虑了以下因素：颜色编码（颜色与灰度），地图复杂度（三个级别）和任务难度（三个级别）。任务有一种类型：查找从起点到目标位置的路线，并说明必须执行的转移次数。为了识别读取策略，我们对扫描路径的注解进行了注释，计算了每个带注释的扫描路径的转换矩阵，并将这些矩阵用作将扫描路径聚类为类似行为的组的输入。我们将展示这些读取策略与投影到连接起始位置和目标位置的测地线上的扫描路径注视点的测地结构之间的关系。对眼睛跟踪数据的分析得到了对两个眼睛跟踪指标（平均注视时间和扫视镜长度）的统计推断的补充。通过对任务正确性和完成时间的统计分析来评估用户性能。我们的研究表明，设计因素对用户任务性能具有重大影响。同样，我们能够确定典型的阅读策略，例如直接找到从起点到目标位置的路径。通常，参与者通过在起点和目标之间来回移动来多次检查其结果的正确性。我们的发现还表明，阅读策略的选择不取决于使用彩色还是灰度编码。

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