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Effects of Communication Methods on Communication Patterns and Performance in a Remote Spatial Orientation Task

机译：远程空间定向任务中交流方式对交流方式和绩效的影响

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摘要

An experiment was conducted to examine the impact of communication methods (text-only, audio-only, and audio-plus-video) on communication patterns and effectiveness in a 2-person remote spatial orientation task. The task required a pair of participants to figure out the cardinal direction of a target object by communicating spatial information and perspectives. Results showed that overall effectiveness in the audio-only condition was better than the text-only and audio-plus-video conditions, and communication patterns were more predictive of errors than individual differences in spatial abilities. Discourse analysis showed that participants in the audio-plus-video condition performed less mental transformation of spatial information when communicating, which led to more interpretation errors by the listener. Participants in the text-only conditions performed less confirmation and made more errors by misreading their own display. Results suggested that speakers in the audio-plus-video condition minimized effort by communicating spatial information based on their own perspective but speakers in the audio-only and text-only conditions would more likely communicate transformed spatial information. Analysis of gestures in the audio-plus-video condition confirmed that iconic gestures tended to co-occur with spatial transformation. Iconic gesture rates were negatively correlated with transformation errors, indicating that iconic gestures more likely co-occurred with successful communication of spatial transformation. Results show that when visual interactive feedback is available, speakers tend to adopt egocentric spatial perspectives to minimize effort in mental transformation and rely on the feedback to ensure that the hearer correctly interprets the information. When visual interactive feedback is not available, speakers will put more effort in transforming spatial information to help the hearer to understand the information. The current result demonstrated that allowing two persons to see and communicate with each other during a remote spatial reasoning task can lead to more errors because of the use of a suboptimal communication strategy.
机译：进行了一项实验，以检验2人远程空间定位任务中通讯方法（纯文本，纯音频和音频加视频）对通讯模式和有效性的影响。该任务需要一对参与者通过传达空间信息和视角来确定目标物体的基本方向。结果表明，纯音频条件下的总体效果要优于纯文本条件和音频加视频条件，并且交流模式比空间能力的个体差异更能预测错误。语篇分析表明，音频加视频条件下的参与者在交流时对空间信息的心理转换较少，这导致听众更多的解释错误。纯文本条件下的参与者通过错误地阅读自己的显示内容，进行的确认较少，并且犯了更多的错误。结果表明，处于音频加视频状态的说话者可以根据自己的角度传达空间信息，从而将精力降到最低，但是处于纯音频和纯文本状态的说话者更可能传达变换后的空间信息。对音频加视频条件下的手势的分析证​​实，标志性手势倾向于与空间变换同时发生。标志性手势率与变换错误呈负相关，表明标志性手势更可能与空间变换的成功传达同时发生。结果表明，在提供视觉互动反馈时，说话者倾向于采用以自我为中心的空间观点，以最大程度地减少心理转变的努力，并依靠反馈来确保听者正确地解释信息。当没有视觉交互反馈时，演讲者将更加努力地转换空间信息，以帮助听众理解信息。当前结果表明，由于使用了次优的交流策略，在远程空间推理任务中允许两个人看到并彼此交流可能会导致更多错误。

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