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A New Methodology To Safely Produce Sand-Controlled Wells With Increasing Skin

机译：一种可以安全生产出皮肤不断增加的防砂井的新方法

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摘要

Monitoring deepwater Gulf of Mexico (DW GOM) wells with gravel-pack and frac-pack completions is an increasingly chal-lenging task. Wells often experience increasing skin, adding to the risk of completion failure. Historically, sand-control completions have experienced a 15% rate of sand-related completion failure (King et al. 2003). The industry tends to evaluate safe target rates qualitatively as skin increases. Reducing the flow rate entirely on the basis of an increase in global skin can be too conservative and can overrestrict target rate. Thus, it is important to know which components of the increase in skin can cause the completion to fail. Furthermore, it is not well understood how to quantify a safe target rate with the increased skin. This paper will present a new methodology to evaluate the com-ponents of skin increase that could cause sand-control completions to fail. The failure mechanism we address is perforation plugging by movement of fines and sand. Our new methodology helps to quantify the risk and convert it into a safe target rate. This paper will also present case studies of oil and gas wells in the Na Kika asset in DW GOM where this methodology was applied successfully. The well completions are monitored with BP's flux-based approach (Tiffin et al. 2003; Stein et al. 2005; Keck et al. 2005). In all cases, the wells experienced increased skin, causing the engi-neers to choke back the wells. The analysis showed that some of the skin increase was because of multiphase effects as the reservoir pressure was below the saturation pressure. We also determined which skin components likely caused perforation plugging, thereby increasing the completion flux. Accounting for multiphase-flow effects resulted in a higher safe-operating rate limit than with a conventional analysis. The results allowed the Na Kika asset to produce these wells at their maximum allowable safe-operating rate with the higher skin while producing within BP's flux-based guidelines.
机译：监测砾石充填和压裂充填完井的墨西哥湾深水（DW GOM）井是一项日益艰巨的任务。孔经常会增加皮肤，增加完井失败的风险。从历史上看，防砂完井经历了15％的与砂有关的完井破坏（King等，2003）。该行业倾向于随着皮肤的增加对安全目标率进行定性评估。完全基于增加整体皮肤而降低流速可能过于保守，可能会过度限制目标流速。因此，重要的是要知道皮肤增加的哪些成分会导致补妆失败。此外，还没有很好地理解如何量化增加皮肤的安全目标率。本文将提出一种新的方法来评估可能导致防砂完井失败的表皮增加成分。我们解决的故障机制是细粉和沙子运动造成的穿孔堵塞。我们的新方法有助于量化风险并将其转换为安全的目标利率。本文还将介绍DW GOM的Na Kika资产中的油气井的案例研究，该方法已成功应用。用BP基于通量的方法监测完井情况（Tiffin等，2003； Stein等，2005； Keck等，2005）。在所有情况下，孔的皮肤均增加，导致工程师窒息孔。分析表明，某些皮肤的增加是由于储层压力低于饱和压力时的多相作用所致。我们还确定了哪些皮肤组件可能导致穿孔堵塞，从而增加了完井通量。考虑到多相流效应，与常规分析相比，安全操作率限制更高。结果使Na Kika资产能够以最高允许的安全作业率在较高的表皮下生产这些井，同时在BP基于通量的指导原则内进行生产。

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