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Numerical Simulation of Mud-Filtrate Invasion in Deviated Wells

机译：斜井泥浆侵入的数值模拟

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摘要

Understanding the spatial distribution of fluids in the near-borehole region caused by mud-filtrate invasion is necessary for the accurate petrophysical interpretation of wireline measurements acquired in deviated wells. This paper provides a sorely needed petrophysical and fluid-flow template that can be used to integrate several wireline measurements into a unique model of petrophysical parameters in the near-borehole region of deviated wells. We simulate numerically the physics of mud-filtrate invasion in vertical, horizontal, and highly deviated overbalanced wells. The numerical algorithm is adapted from a general 3D multiphase-fluid-flow simulator that is widely used in large-scale reservoir applications. Checks of numerical consistency and accuracy are performed against one commercial reservoir simulator. Emphasis is placed on describing the influence of mudcake buildup on the mud-filtration process. We approach the latter problem by introducing an effeetive-flow-rate function that describes the evolution in time of the rate of invasion of mud filtrate into rock formations. Parametric representations of the flow-rate function are derived on the basis of previously published laboratory experiments of mud circulation. A sensitivity analysis quantifies the influence of several geometrical and petrophysical parameters on the spatial distribution of mud-filtrate invasion away from the borehole wall. These parameters include relative permeability, capillary pressure, permeability anisotropy, dipping layers, and degree of hydraulic communication between adjacent layers. Our simulations reveal the character of invasion profiles in complex geometrical environments taking place under realistic petrophysical conditions. We show that standard pistonlike descriptions of mud-filtrate invasion, commonly used in well-log interpretation, can lead to inaccurate interpretations of wireline measurements. An example is presented of the use of our simulation technique by calculating the sensitivity of borehole electromagnetic induction measurements to specific conditions of mud-filtrate invasion in a vertical well.
机译：了解由泥浆渗入引起的近钻孔区域中流体的空间分布，对于在偏斜井中获得的电缆测井结果进行精确的岩石物理解释是必要的。本文提供了急需的岩石物理和流体流动模板，可用于将多个电缆测量结果整合到偏井近井区域的岩石物理参数的唯一模型中。我们用数值模拟了垂直，水平和高度偏离的超平衡井中泥浆渗透的物理过程。该数值算法改编自广泛用于大型油藏应用中的通用3D多相流体流动模拟器。在一台商用油藏模拟器中对数值一致性和准确性进行检查。重点放在描述泥饼堆积对泥浆过滤过程的影响上。我们通过引入有效流量率函数来解决后一个问题，该函数描述了泥浆滤液侵入岩层的速率随时间的演变。流量函数的参数表示法是根据先前公布的泥浆循环实验室实验得出的。敏感性分析量化了几个几何和岩石物理参数对远离井壁的泥浆滤液侵入空间分布的影响。这些参数包括相对渗透率，毛细管压力，渗透率各向异性，浸渍层以及相邻层之间的水力连通程度。我们的模拟揭示了在实际岩石物理条件下发生的复杂几何环境中的侵入剖面特征。我们表明，通常在测井解释中使用的标准的类似活塞的泥浆滤液侵入描述可能会导致电缆测量结果的不准确解释。通过计算井眼电磁感应测量值对垂直井中泥浆滤液侵入的特定条件的敏感性，给出了使用我们的模拟技术的示例。

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