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Fast covariance estimation for high-dimensional functional data

机译:高维功能数据的快速协方差估计

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We propose two fast covariance smoothing methods and associated software that scale up linearly with the number of observations per function. Most available methods and software cannot smooth covariance matrices of dimension J > 500; a recently introduced sandwich smoother is an exception but is not adapted to smooth covariance matrices of large dimensions, such as J = 10,000. We introduce two new methods that circumvent those problems: (1) a fast implementation of the sandwich smoother for covariance smoothing; and (2) a two-step procedure that first obtains the singular value decomposition of the data matrix and then smoothes the eigenvectors. These new approaches are at least an order of magnitude faster in high dimensions and drastically reduce computer memory requirements. The new approaches provide instantaneous (a few seconds) smoothing for matrices of dimension J = 10,000 and very fast (< 10 min) smoothing for J = 100,000. R functions, simulations, and data analysis provide ready to use, reproducible, and scalable tools for practical data analysis of noisy high-dimensional functional data.
机译:我们提出了两种快速的协方差平滑方法和相关软件,它们随每个函数的观察次数线性扩展。大多数可用的方法和软件无法平滑J> 500的协方差矩阵;最近推出的三明治平滑器是一个例外,但不适用于平滑大尺寸(例如J = 10,000)的协方差矩阵。我们介绍了两种避免这些问题的新方法:(1)快速实现三明治平滑器以进行协方差平滑; (2)两步过程,首先获取数据矩阵的奇异值分解,然后平滑特征向量。这些新方法在高维度上至少快了一个数量级,并大大降低了计算机内存需求。新方法为尺寸为J = 10,000的矩阵提供瞬时(几秒钟)平滑,为尺寸为J = 100,000的矩阵提供非常快速(<10分钟)的平滑。 R函数,模拟和数据分析为嘈杂的高维功能数据的实际数据分析提供了现成的,可重复使用的和可扩展的工具。

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