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Software availability and entry

机译：软件可用性和入门

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Research Summary What happens to market structure as an industry's operations lean ever more on software? We find that software availability is associated with an increase in entry and an increase in exit by the oldest and most established firms. We suggest three potential mechanisms and, through post hoc analysis, determine which is most consistent with observed patterns. We find the effect of software availability on entry is stronger in settings with more available IT talent, more permissive labor policies, and greater demand uncertainty. Observed patterns are most consistent with software enhancing labor productivity and thus reducing exposure to uncertainty. Managerial Summary Managers and policymakers are concerned with whether technologies like software and robotics spreading to new industries can make powerful firms even harder to unseat. For software, we find evidence consistent with the opposite: as software becomes more prevalent, entry by new firms increases and the likelihood that older firms exit increases. The patterns of entry we observe are consistent with the following mechanism. Software allows the same number of employees to serve a wider range of production levels, meaning that potential startups are less likely to be deterred by uncertain demand.
机译：研究摘要随着行业的运营越来越依赖于软件，市场结构会发生什么？我们发现，最老，最老牌的公司的软件可用性与进入的增加和退出的增加有关。我们提出了三种潜在的机制，并通过事后分析确定哪种机制与观察到的模式最一致。我们发现，在具有更多可用IT人才，更宽松的劳工政策以及更大的需求不确定性的环境中，软件可用性对入门的影响更强。观察到的模式与提高劳动生产率，从而减少不确定性风险的软件最一致。管理摘要管理者和决策者担心软件和机器人技术等技术向新兴行业的传播是否会使强大的公司更难被淘汰。对于软件，我们发现相反的证据：随着软件的普及，新公司的进入增加，而老公司退出的可能性也增加。我们观察到的进入模式与以下机制一致。该软件允许相同数量的员工服务于更大范围的生产水平，这意味着潜在的初创公司不太可能因不确定的需求而受阻。

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