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Knowledge transfer without knowledge? The case of agentive metaphors in biology

机译：没有知识的知识转移？生物学中的代理隐喻案例

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摘要

Are scientific metaphors dispensable shortcuts that encapsulate knowledge but can always be translated back? Or do they constitute cases of knowledge transfer, even if seemingly based on scientifically underdeveloped domains? This paper defends the latter view. By drawing on the linguistic theories of metaphors, we assess a variety of agentive metaphors that pervade biology. Intentional metaphors are found unsatisfying because their use is either rigid or too widely flexible. By contrast, rational agent metaphors constitute good scientific metaphors, displaying flexible use and heuristic fruitfulness. Their range of application constantly evolves because they provide guidelines that permit the exploration of the applicability of source domain in a target domain. Their unique heuristic value makes them akin to research programs and allows for knowledge transfer, because they are based on a proper scientific source domain rather than on a folk or underdeveloped one. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：科学隐喻是否是封装知识但总是可以翻译回来的可缺少的快捷方式？或者，即使表面上似乎是基于科学欠发达的领域，它们也构成了知识转移的案例吗？本文捍卫了后者的观点。通过利用隐喻的语言学理论，我们评估了遍及生物学的各种主体隐喻。人们发现故意隐喻并不令人满意，因为它们的使用过于僵化或过于灵活。相比之下，理性的主体隐喻构成了良好的科学隐喻，显示出灵活的用法和启发式的成果。它们的应用范围不断发展，因为它们提供了允许探索源域在目标域中适用性的指南。它们的独特启发式价值使其类似于研究计划并允许知识转移，因为它们基于适当的科学资源领域，而不是基于民间或欠发达的领域。 （C）2018由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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