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Mind the gap

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In the preface to this book, Heather Douglas expresses the hope that her arguments will be of interest to philosophers of science, scientists and policy-makers. I cannot judge what scientists and policy-makers will make of this work. However, both the quality of the substantive arguments for this book's conclusion-that scientific research should not be insulated from social and ethical values-and its methodological claim-that philosophy of science should not ignore science's social role-mean it is of great interest for philosophers of science, political philosophers and sociologists of science. As a bonus, it is very clear. The book sets out to attack on the "Value-Free-Ideal" (VFI): that "social, ethical and political values should have no influence over the reasoning of scientists, and that scientists should proceed in their work with as little concern as possible for such values" (p.1). If "the reasoning of scientists" is interpreted broadly, then this ideal is preposterous: ethical values are clearly relevant to deciding what to research or research on human subjects (as Douglas concedes to proponents of the VFI). The VFI is concerned with what we might call narrowly scientific reasoning: the characterisation of data, interpretation of evidence and acceptance of theories (p.102). Douglas claims that this ideal has dominated philosophy of science since the mid-1950s (Chap.3).
机译：希瑟·道格拉斯（Heather Douglas）在这本书的序言中表达了希望，她的观点将引起科学哲学家，科学家和决策者的兴趣。我无法判断科学家和政策制定者将如何开展这项工作。但是，本书结论的实质性论点（即科学研究不应与社会和伦理价值观隔离）及其方法论主张（即科学哲学不应忽略科学的社会角色）都具有极大的意义。科学哲学家，政治哲学家和科学社会学家。作为奖励，这非常清楚。该书着手攻击“无价值的理想”（VFI）：“社会，伦理和政治价值不应对科学家的推理产生影响，并且科学家在进行工作时应尽量少关注对于这样的值是可能的”（第1页）。如果广义地解释“科学家的推理”，那么这种理想是荒谬的：伦理价值显然与决定对人类主题进行研究或研究的内容有关（道格拉斯承认VFI的支持者）。 VFI与我们可以称之为狭义的科学推理有关：数据的表征，证据的解释和理论的接受（第102页）。道格拉斯声称，自1950年代中期以来（第3章），这一理想主导了科学哲学。

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